中美高校入学考试语文阅读测试比较研究

【作者】 李慧；

【导师】 贺卫东；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 学科教学（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 阅读作为语文高考的一个重要板块,自其地位在考试中地位得以确立后,相关阅读研究层出不穷,一度成为语文教育教学研究中不可缺少的课题之一,不少学者专家就此发表了论著与文章,提出了独到的见解。然而现有的著作中有关阅读测试的专项研究十分稀缺,有关语文考试的著作研究也是较为薄弱。现存研究中,大都仅将阅读测试作为学术著作等专项研究的某一部分,很少被单独关注,挖掘力度不够大、研究不够细致、深入、全面。令人痛心的是在高考这支“指挥棒”的促使下,相关学者更热衷于对阅读解题技巧、历年高考真题分析以及备考预测的研究,对阅读测试本身却缺乏应有的关注,使得一些语文阅读测试停留在较低的层面上,阅读教学也趋于畸形,题海战术大行其道,形成恶性循环。美国素来以素质教育而著称,同样一直采用考试的方式来选拔人才。与中国高考扮演着相同角色的美国SAT、ACT考试,同样是高中毕业生进入大学的敲门砖。对比中美入学考试阅读测试,能给我们怎样的启示?根据上述研究目的,本文将以中美入学考试阅读测试作为研究对象,拟采取比较的方法研究中美两国母语教育的阅读板块。希望能够通过对比,对我国现行的语文(阅读)教育和改革提出适宜的建议。本文拟从对比的角度研究以下内容：第一、对比研究及阅读测试研究的必要性。本部分主要阐明语文高考阅读测试研究的乱象及意义。第二、本章节介绍中国高考和美国SAT考试的概述发展以及对比两国入学考试阅读测试的必要性。第三、中美入学考试阅读测试内容的研究。本部分将着眼探讨①阅读测试的研究定位,即了解其形成发展,属性与特点,探讨其组成要素。②中美入学考试阅读测试内容对比。本部分内容将通过对比两国大学入学考试阅读测试内容的异同,分析其各自的测试目标,即入学考试阅读测试的目标是什么；测试内容从材料的选择和形式表征方面入手,针对中美两国大学入学考试阅读测试考什么?以及怎么考?的问题进行对比分析；最后是对测试主体和测试受体的对比分析。其中,目标所要求的阅读能力的要素与层级是阅读测试的核心部分,不同问题测试的阅读能力的要素与层级会有明显差异。不同国家因文化、价值观等差异同样会呈现出对阅读测试能力的要素和层级的需求的不同。第四、中美入学考试阅读测试差异形成的原因。由于中美两国在历史、文化(思维)、经济、国家教育政策法国、教育理念等多方面因素上存在很大差异,因此中美入学考试不论在其运行结构、组成要素、价值取向等多方面均存在差异。阅读测试作为中美大学入学考试中的重要组成部分,其差异的形成同本国升学考试一样受到多方面因素的影响。本章节将对某些因素进行分析比对,从而找出中美入学考试阅读测试差异形成的根本所在。第五、语文高考阅读测试的建构与发展。本章节将重点探析SAT、ACT阅读测试对我国语文高考阅读测试的启示,从而对语文阅读测试、语文阅读教学的发展进行深入思考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As reading is a very important part in College Entrance Examination of Chinese, related researches emerge in endlessly and it becomes one of the irreplaceable topics of research since the status of reading is established. A lot of scholars and experts publish articles and papers regarding this subject, and put forwards many original ideas. However, the specific research with respect to reading test among the current articles are rare. Most of the current papers treat reading test as only a part of the other specific area, therefore, this reading test part is paid little attention and there is a lot of space to grow. In addition, under the trend of getting high score on the College Entrance Examination, scholars are more likely to discuss about the skills for solving problems given in the reading test instead of focusing on reading test itself. Therefore, many Chinese reading tests still stay on a lower level and an increasing number of the exam-oriented and exercise-stuffed teaching methods which lead to a vicious circle is ordinary. US is famous for its quality-oriented education, and it also selects talents from high school using examinations such as SAT, ACT. Comparing the reading tests of the college entrance examination from both countries, what could we conclude?Based on the purpose of research stated above, this paper will choose reading tests from both Chinese and US college entrance examinations and give recommendations after comparison between these two countries.This paper will study different sections using comparisons as follow:i The necessity of reading test research. This part will state the chaotic phenomena and meaning of reading test research of college entrance examination.ii This part will introduce the development of the US SAT and Chinese college entrance examination and the comparison about necessity of reading test for the college entrance examination between China and US.iii The research about the content of reading test for the college entrance examination between China and US. For this part, this paper will state 1) the status of reading test research, namely, the development, nature, feature and its components.2) The comparison of researches about the content of reading test for the college entrance examination between China and US. This paper will identify the difference, analyze the purpose of the reading tests, discuss the selections and types of the tests, and focus on question such as, what they test on the reading part and how they test it. Finally, there will be a comparison about the different parts of tests.Among this, various levels of reading skills required by the reading tests are significant. The different questions in the test will lead to various levels of reading skills. Due to the different culture and value, the levels of reading skills required is different.iv The reason that there is a difference between reading test for the college entrance examination between China and US. Since there are a lot of difference, including history, culture, economy, and education policy between China and US, the structure, parts and value orientation of college entrance examinations differentiate a lot. As an important part of college entrance examination, the difference between reading tests are affected by many factors. This part will compare some factors and find the source of the difference.v The structure and development of College Entrance Examination of Chinese. This part will mainly discuss about the inspiration brought from the SAT and ACT to College Entrance Examination of Chinese. In addition, this part will discuss deeply about the Chinese reading test as well as the Chinese teaching method.更多还原