【作者】 李欣；

【导师】 董跃；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 法律（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着北冰洋沿岸国以及世界上主要国家在北极地区权益之争的日益白热化,北极已经成为国际社会关注的焦点。面对如此巨大的利益,加之北极地区内外矛盾尖锐,有效的管理机制必然不可缺少。尽管参照《南极条约》建立整体性的《北极条约》在学术层面和政策层面都十分有意义,但从实际情况看,北极问题与南极问题差异明显,建立《北极条约》不仅不可能,而且不必要。因此,在传统《联合国海洋法公约》体系下解决北极问题就成了最为有效的途径,在此基础上形成的北极理事会制度更是重中之重。作为北极治理中最重要的区域性机制安排,北极理事会的形成、发展及演进必须予以密切跟踪研究。因此借此契机,对北极理事会在国际法中的法律性质进行研究,分析其在国际法中的法律性质及定位,探索其未来的发展及走向,有利于在今后中国在参与北极事务中更好地制定北极战略,从而争取更大的利益。本文共分为六部分,除绪论和结语外,正文部分又具体分成四章。本文的研究思路主要如下：第一章是“北极理事会法律性质的争议及其对北极治理的影响”。本部分首先在把握学界目前对北极理事会性质几种不同观点的基础上,总结不同学者对于北极理事会法律性质的观点,分析其观点构成的差别,阐述对北极理事会法律性质争议的研究对北极治理的影响,其作为唯一一个用来施展国际外交和进行北极治理的平台,对北极治理中发挥着非常重要的作用。第二章是“各利益主体针对北极理事会法律性质及功能的定位”。本部分将问题回归到国际法的基本理论问题,对北极理事会的现有法律性质进行界定,包括北极理事会法律性质的自我立场、北极国家及极地外国家等各参与主体对北极理事会法律性质的不同立场。在此基础上,再对北极理事会进行功能分析,通过分析其作为国际组织、政府间论坛、决策型组织机构等不同角色发挥的功能作用,阐述北极理事会的实质属性。第三章是“北极理事会法律性质的未来走向”。本部分在分析北极理事会法律性质的基础上,将目光转向未来,通过对北极理事会现有趋势分析、北极治理领域的“功能外溢”、立法功用的出现及其发展趋势,预测北极理事会未来走向‘的可能,分析其未来走向。第四章是“中国的应对策略”。最本部分将问题引入中国,探讨在中国的现实立法情况下,北极理事会的未来发展。文章最后的落脚点在于,在对北极理事会未来走向进行判断的情况下,研究其未来发展走向对中国的影响,提出中国的应对策略,重点论述中国应如何应对,如何更好参与北极事务,制定北极战略,争取更大利益。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, along with the Arctic coastal States and the main countries in the world in the Arctic disputes between the increasingly intensified, the Arctic has become the focus of attention of international society. In the face of such huge profits, coupled with the sharp contradictions of the Arctic, the effective management is necessary. Although it is of great significance both in the academic level and policy level that to establish the "Antarctic Treaty", but in fact, the problems of the Arctic and the Antarctic are obvious difference. So it is not only impossible, but also unnecessary to establish the "Arctic treaty".Therefore, under the traditional system of "United Nations Convention on the law of the sea" to solve the problems in the Arctic has become the most effective way and the Arctic Council system is the priority. The Arctic Council is the most important in the management of the Arctic arrangement, formation as a regional mechanism, so the development and evolution of the Arctic Council must be paid close attention. So take this opportunity to make the research on the legal nature of the Arctic Council under the international law, and analyst the legal nature and location of it, exploring its future development and trend. It will be advantageous in the future for China’s participation in the Arctic affairs and better to develop the Arctic strategy of China, and also striving for the greater profits.From perspective of structure, this paper has been divided into six parts altogether. The body part which has been divided into four chapter adjacent to the introduction and conclusion.The main idea of this paper is as follows:The first chapter is "The Legal Nature of The Arctic Council and The Influence to The Arctic Governance". In this part, it summarizes several different points of view of the Arctic Council in the current academic circle, and analysis their difference, expounded on the legal nature of the dispute of the Arctic Council about the impact of governance, as the only a platform used to play international diplomacy and the Arctic governance, plays a very important role on the Arctic governance. And then it expounds the debates of the legal nature of the Arctic Council debate on the arctic governance. As the only platform to cast international diplomacy and the arctic governance,the Arctic Council plays a very important role.The second chapter is "The Interest Subjects’View of The Legal Nature of The Arctic Council". This part it return to the basic theory problems of international law, to define the legal nature of the existing Arctic Council, including the legal nature of the Arctic Council itself, Arctic nations and countries outside the polar etc. On this basis, it analyzes the function of the Arctic Council and expounds the essential attribute of the Arctic council through the analysis of the different roles to play as an international organization, intergovernmental forum, or a decision-making organization.The third chapter is "The Legal Nature of The Arctic Council in The Future ". In this part it turns to the future to analyze the legal nature of the arctic council. It analyzes the existing trends of the Arctic Council, the Arctic Council’s "function spillover" in the field of the Arctic governance, the emergence of the legislative purpose and its developing trend, to predict the future direction of the Arctic Council may.The fourth chapter is "China’s strategies". In this part, it introduce the problems in China and discuss the realistic situation of legislation of China in the future development. Finally, it studies the effect of its future development trend of China, puts forward the coping strategies of China, and mainly discusses the way to better participating in the Arctic strategy for greater benefits.更多还原