【作者】 何波；

【导师】 张伟；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 电子与通信工程（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络是当今国际上备受关注的热点,它是一个多学科交叉的领域,综合了传感器、无线通信、计算机网络等领域的先进技术。无线传感器网络是一种大规模、无基础设施的网络,广泛应用在工业应用、战场监测、农业智能化等领域。能量问题是限制无线传感器网络发展的核心问题,针对无线传感器网络低功耗的研究一直是无线传感器网络研究的热点之一。在无线传感器网络中,路由选择深刻影响着网络拓扑结构以及节点能量消耗,分层设计将网络各层次分离,不能作为一个整体来考虑,而功率控制贯穿无线传感器网络各个层次,因此本文在优化无线传感器网络路由层功耗的基础上,针对功率控制在网络中各个层次的不同表现,将跨层次的功率控制联合起来,进行无线传感器网络低功耗的设计。本文首先对影响无线传感器网络能量消耗的无线传输技术、功率控制和跨层设计等关键因素进行了分析,针对网络层层次型路由协议设计进行详细研究,利用路由层功率控制手段,提出了低功耗分簇路由算法。该算法对现有分簇机制进行改进,引入负载均衡因子,使网络中能量负载更均衡。为了保证仿真全面准确,将该算法仿真结果与经典分簇算法LEACH算法以及已有分簇算法中能耗改善较好的DEEC算法进行对比,结果表明该低功耗算法能有效降低能耗,分别延长了30%、11%的网络寿命。在此基础上本文引入跨层思想,结合前述低功耗算法的路由信息,利用功率控制手段调节MAC层时隙分配,实现跨层的功率控制联合,提出了一种无线传感器网络跨层算法。仿真结果表明,跨层算法能够进一步降低网络能耗,网络生命周期延长了约1.88倍。在理论分析基础上,本文在实际环境中实现了跨层算法的验证。利用高度集成化的CC2430芯片,结合DS18B20数字化传感器,搭配少量的外围电路,设计出一款跨层协议验证平台,并给出了详细的实现原理图。在此基础上,利用IAR Embedded Workbench for MCS-51开发环境,进行跨层协议的编译、调试,完成烧写过程,并组网实现跨层算法的功能测试和能耗测试。实际测试表明,跨层设计能够有效降低网络能耗,相对于非跨层设计能够延长约26%的网络寿命。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless sensor network is one of today’s international hot spots of concern. It is a multi-disciplinary field, a combination of sensors,wireless communications, networking and other areas of advanced technology. Wireless sensor network is a large-scale, noninfrastructure network, which is widely used in industrial applications, battlefield surveillance, agriculture intelligence and many other areas.Energy problem become the main problem that restrict the development of wireless sensor networks. Research on low-power wireless sensor networks has been one of the hot spot in wireless sensor networks. In wireless sensor networks, routing profound by impact on network topology and node energy consumption.And layered network design will separate network, which makes the network can not be considered as a entirety.Consider of that power control throughout all layer of wireless sensor networks,we design a low-power wireless sensor network,combained with power control of different layers.Firstly, we analyzed the key factors affecting the energy consumption in wireless sensor networks,such as wireless transmission, power control and cross-layer design.Then we conducted a detailed study of the network layer hierarchical routing protocol,and proposed a low-power consumption clustering routing algorithm. The algorithm improved the mechanism for LEACH,and introduced a load balancing factor to make network energy load more balanced. Simulation by MATLAB, compared to the classical clustering algorithm LEACH algorithm, the results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce energy consumption, and prolong the network lifetime by 30%, and compared to energy-efficient DEEC,it can prolong the network lifetime by11%. Then the cross-layer design is introduced, combining network layer clustering routing information and MAC layer slot allocation mechanism.We proposed a cross-layer algorithm. And compared to the low-power algorithm,simulation results show that cross-layer algorithm can further reduce energy consumption,and prolong the network lifetime 1.88 times.Finally, based on the theoretical analysis, we achieve the cross-layer algorithm in actual environment by using the highly integrated CC2430 chip, combined with the digital sensor DS18B20, and a small amount of peripheral circuits. We design a cross-layer protocol verification platform, and give a detailed schematic diagram of the realization. On this basis,we use IAR Embedded Workbench for MCS-51 development environment to compile cross-layer protocol and complete the programming process.Then we tested the function and power of protocol. The results showed that compared with the competition-based communication, the cross-layer algorithm can effectively reduce network energy consumption and prolong about 26% of the network lifetime.更多还原