【作者】 张强；

【导师】 许轲； 张洪程；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 试验于2012-2013年在江苏省东海县平明镇试验基地进行。以近年来在生产上表现出较大增产潜力的大穗型杂交粳稻甬优2640、甬优1640和淮北大面积应用的超级稻中穗型常规粳稻品种连粳7号和南粳9108为材料,采用毯苗机插方式,设置2种行距(30cm和25cm)×5种株距(11.7cm、13.3cm、15.0cm、16.7cm和18.3cm)处理,系统研究毯苗机插行株距配置对不同穗型粳稻产量及其结构、干物质生产、光合特性、株型、倒伏和稻米品质的影响,明确大穗型和中穗型粳稻的适宜机插行株距,以期为淮北地区麦茬水稻机械化高产栽培提供高产途径参考。主要试验结果如下：1.随着机插行距扩大,大穗型杂交粳稻产量增加,中穗型常规粳稻产量降低,并且大穗型杂交粳稻产量显著高于中穗型粳稻。随着株距的增加,两种穗型机插粳稻单位面积有效穗数降低,穗粒数增加,结实率和千粒重变化不大,颖花量呈先增后降的变化趋势,导致产量也呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势。2.机插行株距配置对水稻光合物质生产与积累的影响因穗型的差异而有所不同。行距扩大,大穗型品种抽穗至成熟期光合势增大、叶面积衰减率低、群体生长率和净同化率高,中后期干物质积累多。中穗型粳稻品种行距缩小后,单茎干物质量降低,叶面积衰减率高,但能充分发挥群体优势,全生育期光合势增大、群体生长率和净同化率提高,导致干物质积累量显著增大。随着株距增加,两种穗型粳稻品种播种至抽穗期光合势降低,抽穗至成熟期光合势呈先增高后降低趋势；干物质积累量、群体生长率和净同化率,生育前期呈降低趋势,抽穗至成熟期均呈先增加后下降趋势。大穗型杂交粳稻的干物质积累量高于中穗型常规粳稻。3.随机插行距增加,两种穗型机插粳稻各节间节间粗度、茎壁厚度和茎干重呈增大趋势,节间长度缩短；株距增大后也呈类似趋势。抗折力与节间粗度、茎壁厚度和茎干重呈极显著正相关,与节间长度呈极显著负相关。随着株距降低,上三叶的叶基角、叶开角和叶宽呈增大趋势,叶长呈降低趋势,且行距30cm处理的叶基角、叶开角和叶宽大于行距25cm处理,叶长小于行距25cm处理。说明密度降低后植株个体的生产潜力得到充分发挥,节间变短粗,充实度好,抗倒伏能力增强。4.随机插株距增加,密度降低,两种穗型机插粳稻的糙米率、精米率和整精米率增加,垩白率、垩白大小和垩白度下降,直链淀粉和蛋白质含量增加,峰值粘度和崩解值呈先升后降趋势,消减值呈先下降后增加趋势。说明增加机插株距密度有利于改善稻米外观品质和加工品质。整体来看,行距30cm处理的稻米外观品质和加工品质优于行距25cm处理,且中穗型常规粳稻的加工品质和外观品质好于大穗型杂交粳稻。5.综合上述研究结果,大穗型杂交粳稻适宜机插行距为30cm,中穗型常规粳稻为25cm,株距配合15cm时产量最高,同时抗倒具有一定抗伏能力。大穗型杂交粳稻具有显著的产量优势和抗倒伏能力,建议淮北地区机插粳稻选用大穗型品种。更多还原

【Abstract】 From 2012 to 2013, a field experiment was conducted with four varieties, large panicle type japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 2640, Yongyou1640 that had large yield potential in recent years and medium panicle type japonica rice Liandao7, Nanjing9108 that were planted as representative rice varieties in Huaibei area at the experimental farms of Pingming town in Donghai county, Jiangsu province. The experiment was a 2×5 factorial design with two row spacing (30cm and 25cm), five plant distance (11.7cm,13.3cm,15.0cm,16.7cm and 18.3cm) to determine the diversity of yield, yield components, dry matter production, photosynthetic characteristic, plant type, lodging resistance and rice quality, and to ascertain the appropriate plant distance and row spacing in different spike rice varieties under the blanket seedling mechanical transplanting. We hope to provide some constructive suggestion for high yield cultivation of rice plant mechanization in Huaibei area. The main results were as follows:1. With suitable expanding machine row spacing, the yield of large panicle type japonica hybrid rice increased, while the yield of medium panicle type japonica rice decreased. The number of grain per panicle increased, efficient panicle of unit-acreage decreased, total spikelet number and yield increased firstly and then decreased, but the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight had not changed much, when increasing machine plant spacing,2. The effect of plant and row spacing on photosynthetic material production was difference between cultivars. Leaf area duration of large panicle type japonica hybrid rice increased, growth rate and net assimilation rate ware rise, the decay rate of leaf area was reduction, dry matter accumulation increased remarkably in the middle and the later growth stage, when appropriate to expand machine row spacing. With reducing machine plant spacing of medium panicle type japonica rice, although the quality of the single stem dry matter decreased and the decay rate of leaf area increased, but it could make full use of the population dominance. So the leaf area duration growth rate and net assimilation rate ware rise in the whole growth period, all those lead to increase significantly in dry matter accumulation. With increasing machine plant spacing, leaf area duration of both two panicle type rice reduced during seeding time to heading stage, while increased firstly then decreased during heading stage to filling stage. Dry matter accumulation, growth rate and net assimilation rate reduced during earlier stage, but increase firstly and then decrease during heading stage to filling stage. And the dry matter accumulation of large panicle type japonica hybrid rice was higher than medium panicle type japonica rice.3. The basal internodes, thickness of culm wall and the stem plumpness of both two kinds panicle rice increased, while internode length decreased, with suitable expanding machine row spacing. And there had a same change trend after planting distance increases. There were a significant positive correlation between breaking-resistant strength and basal internodes, thickness of culm wall and the stem plumpness had the same correlation. The basic leaf angles, leaves open angle and leaf width of top-three leaves increased, while the length of leaf reduced with reducing machine plant spacing. Bsal internodes, thickness of culm wall and the stem plumpness of 30cm row spacing ware bigger than 25cm row spacing, but the length of leaf were smaller than 25 cm row spacing. We could conclud that as the density decreased, it could make full use of the individual advantage, the thickness of culm wall was higher and the stem plumpness is better, so their lodging tolerance was greater.4. The brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, amylase content and protein consistency of both two panicle type rice were increasing, while the chalkiness rate, chalkiness size and the chalkiness degree were decreased, with suitable expanding machine plant spacing. This indicated that increasing machin plant spacing could improve appearance and processing quality of rice. With the increase of machine plant spacing, peak viscosity and breakdown would increase at first and then decrease, while the change tread of setback was on the contrary. Overall the view, appearance quality and processing quality of rice transplanted by 30cm row space was better than those by 25cm row space, and appearance quality and processing quality of medium panicle type japonica rice was better than those of large panicle type japonica hybrid rice.5. To achieve high grain yield, the suitable mechanical transplanting spacing for large panicle type japonica hybrid rice was 30cm×15cm,25cm×15cm for medium panicle type japonica rice, and the lodging resistance ability were higher. The yield of large panicle type japonica hybrid rice was significantly higher than medium panicle type japonica rice with better lodging resistance ability, so we suggest that the large spike type cultivars are choosed as mechanical transplanting rice in Huaibei.更多还原