【作者】 孙鹏；

【导师】 赵微； 汪洋；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 法律， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国沿海城市建设的快速发展,越来越多的工程急需海砂作为其填充物,使得海砂的经济价值飙升。同时,海砂作为海洋生态环境的基础要素,不仅能为海洋生物提供繁衍和庇护场所,而且还能减缓海浪对海岸的冲击,具有重要的生态价值。然而受经济利益的驱动,非法采运海砂行为呈现日益猖獗之势,不仅严重侵犯了国家矿产资源所有权,造成国家经济损失,而且扰乱了国家对海洋资源开采的管理秩序,并严重破坏了海洋环境,社会危害性极大。但是,面对情节严重的非法采运海砂行为,现行刑法却难以高效准确地予以惩治和防范。造成这一困境的原因整体可以分为两方面,一方面我国的海上刑事立法在理念上存在偏差,受到传统的内陆文化影响,我国刑事立法长期以来以保护陆地环境为主,忽视了海洋环境和资源的立法保护。伴随刑事立法滞后的还有行政执法在理念上的偏差,即由于对海洋环境危害行为和海洋资源保护的重视程度不够,致使行政执法实践中对相关海洋环境破坏、非法开采海洋资源等危害行为不能准确定性,罪与非罪的标准模糊、以罚代刑现象突出。另一方面,现行刑法在惩治非法采运海砂行为方面存在错位,在海砂的定性、此罪与彼罪的界定等方面都存在争议,无法准确定罪量刑。本文共分为三个部分,第一部分从整体上对非法采运海砂行为进行概述,通过列举现实案例来透析目前国内非法采砂行为的特点。然后文中通过六个方面来体现非法采运海砂行为的社会危害性。第二部分首先梳理出我国现行法律中对采运海砂的相关规定,进而阐述了现行刑法应对非法采运海砂行为的法治缺憾。主要表现在两个方面：一是在刑事立法执法理念上存在的偏差；二是刑事惩罚在定罪量刑上存在错位,进而导致一些情节严重的非法采运海砂案件没有受到刑事制裁,或者容易出现同罪不同判的司法尴尬局面。第三部分在上文的基础上,通过对现行刑法应对非法采运海砂行为理论困境的梳理,提出遏制非法采砂行为、准确追究其刑事责任的对策和建议。一方面,应当在肯定我国现有刑事立法的情况下,适时调整符合国家海洋战略的刑事政策,并强化涉罪海事案件的刑事司法移送机制；另一方面,严格依照犯罪构成理论,明确界定罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪的界限,准确追究非法采运海砂行为人的刑事责任,达到预防再犯的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the coastal city construction in China, more and more engineering need as the filling sea sand, sea sand makes the economic value of soaring. At the same time, sea sand as basic elements of the marine ecological environment, not only can provide reproduction and shelter for marine organisms, but also slow down the impact of the waves on the coast, has important ecological value. However, driven by econom. However, driven by economic interests, illegal sand dredging behavior shows rampant trend, not only a serious violation of the state ownership of mineral resources, causing economic losses, but also disrupt the country’s exploitation of marine resources and management order, and serious damage to the marine environment, social harm.However, in the face of serious illegal sand dredging behavior, the current criminal law is difficult to effectively regulate and punish. The cause of the plight of the whole can be divided into two categories, on the one hand, there is a deviation in the traditional criminal legislation and judicial philosophy, by inland traditional cultural influences, the criminal legislation of our country for a long time to protect the land environment, legislation to protect the marine environment and resources ignored. With the lag of criminal legislation and judicial ideas, because the degree of attention behavior of harm to the marine environment and marine resources protection is not enough, resulting in judicial practice on the destruction of the marine environment, the illegal exploitation of marine resources and other harmful behavior can not accurately qualitative. On the other hand, the current criminal law in punishing illegal sand dredging behavior exists in the nature of dislocation, distinguish the sand, this crime and other crimes are controversial, not accurate conviction and sentencing.This paper is divided into three parts, the first part from the whole of illegal sand dredging behavior are summarized firstly, combined with the relevant provisions of digging sand mining in the current law of our country, the definition of reverse push illegal export of sand dredging behavior. Secondly, through the list of actual cases to the current domestic status of illegal sand mining behavior. Again, in this paper, through five aspects to reflect the social harmfulness of illegal sand dredging behavior. The second part describes the current criminal law to deal with illegal sand dredging behavior dilemma, mainly manifested in two aspects:one is the deviation existing in the criminal legislation of judicial concept, two criminal punishment has the dislocation in the conviction and sentencing, which led to some serious cases of illegal sand dredging cases have not been investigated for criminal responsibility, or easily have the same crime different judicial embarrassment convicted. In the third part, on the basis of the above, according to the current criminal law to deal with illegal sand dredging behavior predicament to sort out, put forward to curb illegal sand mining behavior accurately, criminally countermeasures and-suggestions. On the one hand, it should be in our existing criminal legislation, establish the concept of rational reconstruction of criminal justice legislation, in line with the status quo of marine environmental protection of the criminal policy; on the other hand, in strict accordance with the theory of constitution of crime, the criminal punishment to the crime of illegal mining construction as the center of the penalty system, the smooth criminal responsibility of illegal sand dredging human behavior.更多还原