【作者】 张琰；

【导师】 许青；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 动物学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 红尾伯劳(Lanius cristatus)在我国是一种分布广泛并常见的农林益鸟,多生活在温湿地带的森林里,通常在林缘与开阔地附近筑巢。对红尾伯劳的研究在国内主要集中于繁殖生态学的研究,对其巢址选择的研究很少,而对巢址选择与生境关系的研究更少。基于以上原因,从2013年5-7月至2014年5-7月,两年的时间里,在黑龙江省帽儿山实验林场对红尾伯劳巢址选择与生境关系进行研究。调查期处于红尾伯劳的繁殖期,笔者通过观察繁殖期红尾伯劳的行为特点以确定其巢址的具体位置,发现巢址后并用GPS记录巢址所在的经纬度,方便后期数据统计分析。通过对红尾伯劳繁殖期行为的观察共找到巢址19个,其中2013年巢址共10个,2014年巢址共9个。分别对巢生境进行小尺度和大尺度调查。以巢为中心100m2的圆面积记为微生境,通过Excel表格记录巢树种类、巢树胸径、巢树高度、巢树冠幅、巢位高度、隐蔽度、主轴方向；周围乔木种类、平均高度、平均胸径、平均冠幅；周围灌木种类、平均高度；周围草本种类14种生境因子。以巢为中心100m为半径的圆面积记为大生境,记录周围人居占比、道路占比、水田占比、旱田占比、林地占比、水域占比、距水源距离、距居民区距离、距道路距离9种生境因子。通过对野外测得的数据进行K-S检验和SPSS 16.0主成分分析法,揭示影响红尾伯劳巢址选择的主要生境因子。研究结果如下：红尾伯劳倾向于选择的小尺度生境因子特征为：巢树高度5.14±4.962(x±SD,n=19)m：巢位高度为1.758±0.7841(x±SD,n=19)m；巢树胸径为9.84±10.221(x±SD,n=19)cm.红尾伯劳倾向于选择的大尺度生境因子特征为：人居占比4.8%±8.20%(x±SD,n=19)%；道路占比5.32%±3.092%(x±SD,n=19)%；林地占比12.11%±15.951%(x±SD,n=19)%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Brown shrike is a common useful bird of agriculture and forestry and widely distributed in our country., mang live in humid areas in the forest,and ofen nest in forest margins and open sites.The domestic study of brown shrike is mainly about reproductive biology,the study on the nest site selection is less,and the study of nest habitat is rathe less.Based on the above reasons,from May-July 2013 and May-July 2014,we studied the characteristics of brown shrike Borlaug nest habitat.Survey period in the breeding season of brown shrike. By observing the behavior characteristics of lacate nest site. At maoershan of Heilongjiang province, we made a overall survey of the distribution of brown shrike, and then selected the best to studt.We found 19 nests in two years,there are 10 nests in 2013,and 9 nests in 2014.During the study period, we select 14 ecological factors and collecting the corrssponding data, we used multiwariate statistical techniques and stepwise discriminant analysis to study all the data, and then discussed the preference of habitat factor of the brown shrike.The results are as follows:The characteristics of ecological factors in the micro-level which the brown shrike like to choose:the average height of nest is 5.14±4.962 (x±SD, n=19) m;the nest height is 1.758±0.7841 (x±SD, n=19) m; the nest tree diameter at breast height is 9.84±10.221 (x±SD, n=19)cm.The characteristics of ecological factors in the macro-level which the brown shrike like to choose:the proportion of human habitat is 4.8%±8.20%(x±SD,n=19)%;the proportion of road is 5.32%±3.092%(x±SD, n=19)%;the proportion of the woodland is 12.11%±15.951%(x±SD, n=19)%更多还原