【作者】 刘静；

【导师】 马云霞；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 灾难新闻报道,作为新闻报道的一个重要组成部分,一直以来都是新闻活动的焦点,在新闻报道中占有不可或缺之地,与人类生活密切相关,且由于本身所具有的较高的新闻价值,因而引起了公众越来越多的关注,灾难新闻成为学界的一个研究热点。然而,对灾难新闻报道的研究大多数集中在新闻学领域,在语言学界并未受到太多的重视。近年来,在语言学领域,对于灾难性新闻的研究主要集中在文体学和批评语言学的视角。鉴于此,本研究从评价理论角度出发,以介入系统为理论基础,选取于2014年3月8日发生的人类航空史上的重大空难,马来西亚客机坠毁事件的相关英语新闻作为语料,对比分析中美灾难新闻语篇中介入资源的运用情况,分布规律和差异,旨在揭示隐藏在语言资源背后的意识形态。评价理论是功能语言学在人际意义方面的扩展,是研究语篇中评价资源的一个新的理论框架,由三个子系统组成,分别是态度、级差和介入。本研究分别从中美两大报纸《中国日报》和《纽约时报》的网站上各选取了15篇关于马航客机MH370坠毁的新闻报道,分为两个数据库,先将每篇新闻中的介入资源标注出来,然后利用语言学统计软件UAM Corpus Tool 2.8.14,用定性和定量相结合的方法对两个数据库中的语料进行对比分析,回答三个研究问题:(1)中美灾难新闻中介入资源分别是如何分布的?(2)中美灾难新闻中的介入资源分布情况是否存在异同点?如果是,分别是什么?(3)产生异同点的原因有哪些?通过对语料的分析统计,结果显示:两者都倾向于使用对话扩展资源。在对话收缩系统中,使用最多的都是否认资源,对宣称资源的使用都比较少。在对话扩展系统中,使用最多的都是承认资源和接纳资源,对疏远资源的使用都很少。这说明两者对马航客机事件的报道都倾向打开对话空间,允许对话性的存在,基本上都遵循了新闻报道的客观性原则。然而,在对话扩展系统中,《纽约时报》使用的承认资源比《中国日报》少;在对话收缩系统中,《纽约时报》使用的否定资源比《中国日报》多。这表明前者在此次灾难事件的报道中倾向更多的主观介入,对于相反声音直接采用否定的方式以强调自己的观点和立场,而后者更加倾向于客观报道事件。本研究认为,两者属于同一语体,有着相同的目的,但由于中美文化背景、媒体运行体制以及中美在此次事件中的立场有所不同,必然导致两者的介入策略既有相同点又存在差异。本研究通过运用评价理论,比较了介入资源在中美英语灾难新闻语篇的使用异同,以期对评价理论在灾难新闻语篇的分析提供一个尝试性的方法,也希望对跨文化语篇的分析尤其是新闻语篇的分析做出贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 Disaster news reporting, as an important part of news reporting, is always the focus of journalistic activities and plays an indispensable role. Closely related to human life and born with high news value, disaster news reporting has aroused more and more public attention, becoming a research focus of the academic circles. However, the research on disaster news reporting is mostly conducted in the field of journalism; in the field of linguistics it has not been paid too much attention. In recent years, the study on disaster news reporting mainly concentrated from the perspectives of stylistics and critical linguistics in the field of linguistics. Therefore, this study chooses English news reports about the great aviation accident on March 8, 2014, Malaysia Airlines Jet event as its material and makes a tentative study to explore the frequencies and different distributions of Engagement resources in Chinese and American English news reports from the perspective of Appraisal Theory, aiming at revealing the hidden ideology behind linguistic strategies. Appraisal Theory is the extension of interpersonal meaning of Systemic Functional Linguistics. It is a new framework, consisting of three subsystems: Attitude, Graduation and Engagement.The study selects fifteen pieces of English news reports about Malaysia Airline Jet event from China Daily and The New York Times respectively as two datasets. First, all the Engagement resources in these news reports are marked out and then with the help of linguistic analytical instrument--UAM Corpus Tool 2.8.14, a detailed contrastive analysis is made between the two datasets by using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, aiming to answer the three research questions as follows:(1) How are different engagement resources distributed in Chinese and American English disaster news reports respectively?(2) Are there any similarities or differences in the distribution of engagement resources between Chinese and American English disaster news reports? If yes, what are they?(3) What possible ideological implications or reasonable reasons are embedded in such linguistic strategies adopted in Chinese and American English disaster news reports respectively?The findings show that both tend to use more Expand than Contract. In Contract type, Disclaim is the most favorably applied, while Proclaim makes up a small proportion in both newspapers. In Expand type, the most used value is Acknowledge in both newspapers, and Entertain is used a lot, while Distance is used only a little. This shows they both prefer to open up the dialogic space and allow the existence of the alternative positions and basically conform to objectivity. However, In Expand system, The New York Times uses less Acknowledge values than China Daily. In Contract system, The New York Times uses more Deny values than China Daily. This shows the former prefers to interpolate the text with more subjective resources and reject the challenging voices in a directly negative way while the latter tends to be more objective than the former. After the thorough analyses, it is thought that they both belong to the same genre and have similar purposes. However, China and America have different cultural values, different mass media operating mechanisms and different stances towards the Malaysia Airlines Jet event. Therefore, they both have similarities and differences in their engaging strategies.By adopting Appraisal Theory as framework, the study makes a contrastive study of engagement resources in Chinese and American English disaster news discourses, hoping to provide a tentative approach to the research on disaster news discourse under Appraisal Theory and hoping to make some contribution to the research on cross-cultural discourse, especially news discourse.更多还原