【作者】 王潇；

【导师】 张建华； 郭洁；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 体育教学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 古今中外,身体是自我价值的载体和存在的标志,也是研究者关注的焦点。但是,将身体与权力结合起来研究,还要归功于福柯。在福柯的研究中,身体是重要的视点,也是福柯学术思想的重要维度。福柯的身体理论经历了从早期的权力技术到晚期的自我技术,提出了著名的“权力铭刻于身体说”。目前,国内职业女性习练健美操已经成为一种社会现象,学校体育课程中选修健美操的学生以女生为主,各大城市健身俱乐部参加健美操课程的会员绝大多数也都是女性,健美操基本成为女性的专属运动。为什么职业中青年女性更加热衷于这项运动?她们习练健美操的动机是否是健康促进?是否与当下女性所处的社会环境有关?是否受到某种权力的影响?缘于这些问题,本文将健美操运动、身体与社会背景连结起来,从社会学视角和福柯的身体理论出发,重点研究太原市职业女性的健美操习练行为,旨在解析女性习练行为模式背后的深层原因。本文以太原市职业女性健美操习练行为作为研究对象,采用文献资料法、田野调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,对太原市健身俱乐部健美操课程职业女性参与者的社会特征及参与行为进行了深入研究,结果显示:1、太原市参与健身俱乐部健美操课的会员以女性为主,占总会员的96%;其中,中青年职业女性占女性中人数的92%,年龄主要集中在25~40岁。2、太原市参与健身俱乐部健美操课的“女性”会员中,公务员、公司职员和事业单位职员是参与健美操运动的最大群体,比例高达77%;从学历层次看,本科及本科以上的高学历人数占调查总人数的64.3%;从经济方面看,收入较高者是俱乐部健美操课程的主力军。3、调查结果显示,80.7%的太原市职业女性习练健美操的首要动机是减肥塑形,其次是防病健身、陶冶情操、增加社交增加社交,分别占15.3%和4%。在习练效果上,96%的受访者表示经过练习健美操这项运动,自己的身体形态发生了较大的变化。4、通过深入调查,发现太原市职业女性习练健美操与权力有关,主要目的不是锻炼身体,而是减肥塑形,迎合权力需求,从而印证了本文前面建立的第3个研究假设。5、太原市职业女性习练健美操的行为模式可以解释为:社会权力对职业女性的身体提出了特定要求,为了适应职场需要,职业女性屈从、迎合社会权力,选择习练健美操来规训自己的身体,达到职场权力要求。6、职业女性主体需要是内因,社会权力是外因,内因在外因的作用下促使太原市女性选择规训自己的身体,恰恰健美操具有身体形塑之功能,所以职业女性选择了健美操来实现塑形目的,进而提升职场竞争力。这也是女性选择习练健美操而不是田径运动、篮球运动的原因。从身体哲学和科学发展的视角,本文建议职场权力阶层改变观念,抛弃以身体论发展的不良倾向,建立以能力为主促进女性职业发展的模式;同时建议研究者对特定时空结构中的体育行为进行深入研究,避免出现表象式的简单结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ancient and modern Chinese and foreign, the body is the carrier of self-worth and a sign of existence, also is the focus of researchers.But, combined body with power to study,and Michel Foucault.In foucault’s study, the body is an important point of view, but also an important dimension of foucault academic ideas.Foucault’s theory of body has experienced from the power of the early technology to advanced technology, put forward the famous "rights enshrined in the body said".At present, the domestic professional women practicing calisthenics has become a social phenomenon, in the course of the school sports students of aerobics is given priority to with girls, each big city fitness club members attend aerobics course the vast majority are also women, aerobics basic become women’s exclusive movement.Why career middle-aged and young women are more interested the sport? The motivation of their practicing calisthenics is for health promotion? Whether or not related to the female social environment? Affected by some kind of power?Due to these problems, this article will link up in aerobics, physical, and social background, from the perspective of sociology and foucault’s body theory, focuses on the aerobics practitioner behavior of taiyuan city professional women, to parse women use the deep reason behind the behavior patterns.In taiyuan city professional women aerobics practitioner behavior as the research object,USES the literature material method, field survey method, mathematical statistics, logic analysis and other research methods, the taiyuan city health club aerobics course characteristics of professional women participants and social participation behavior were studied, the results showed:1, the member of taiyuan city to participate in the health club aerobics class is given priority to with women, accounting for 96% of the total membership; Among them, the young and middle-aged professional women accounted for 92% of the number of women, mainly concentrated in 25 ~ 40 years old.2, "female" taiyuan city to participate in the health club aerobics class members, civil servants,employees and business unit staff is the largest groups participate in aerobics, as high as 77%;From the academic level, the number of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees of survey64.3% of the total; In terms of economy, the higher income is the main force of club aerobics course.3, the results of the survey shows that 80.7% of taiyuan city professional women practicing calisthenics primary motivation is to reduce weight sculpting, followed by preventing fitness,edify sentiment, increasing social social, 15.3% and 4% respectively. On the use effect, 96%of respondents said after practice aerobics sport, major changes have taken place in their body shape.4, through in-depth investigation, found that the taiyuan city professional women practicing calisthenics is associated with power, main purpose is not to exercise, but lose weight sculpting, meet the demand of power, so as to confirm the third hypothesis founded earlier in this article.5, taiyuan professional women practicing calisthenics patterns of behaviour can be interpreted as: social power of career women’s bodies raised specific requirement, in order to meet the needs of the workplace, submission, cater to social power, professional women choose practicing calisthenics to discipline oneself body, achieve workplace power requirements.6 professional women, the main body of need is the internal cause, social power is external,internal cause under the action of external force of taiyuan women choose to discipline your body, on the aerobics have the functions of the body shape, so professional women chose aerobics to attain the goal of shaping, and promote the competitiveness of the workplace. It is also a women choose practicing calisthenics rather than the cause of the track and field,basketball sports.From the Angle of body philosophy and scientific development, this paper suggested the workplace power class change ideas, abandon to undesirable tendencies of the development of the body theory, establish is given priority to with ability to promote women’s career development mode; Also suggested that the researchers to conduct the thorough research to the specific time and space structure of sports behavior, avoid the appearance of a simple conclusion.更多还原