【作者】 李博；

【导师】 冯洪海；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络(WSN)是由大量传感器设备组成的分布式自组织无线网络。通过传感器节点之间协同合作,将其监控的各种环境信息(温度,气压,光照)整合并发送到基站进行处理,由于无线传感器网络部署灵活且维护简单,现已引用到军事,医疗,农业,采矿等各个领域。无线传感器网络不同于传统无线网络,它是由传感器节点自组织而成且能量有限的分布式网络,监测区域通常为环境恶劣的地区,所以如何降低节点能耗、均衡能耗分布是路由协议研究的重点。本文首先阐述了无线传感器网络的相关概念、网络及节点的结构、应用领域等背景知识;其次列举出了具有代表性的平面路由协议和分层路由协议,并对它们的运行机制进行了简单的介绍;然后着重介绍了LEACH协议的主要思想,对LEACH的两个运行阶段进行详细的描述分析,最后针对LEACH的缺陷,分别对簇头选举过程和簇间数据传输进行改进。改进协议的工作主要分为三个方面:节点层次划分、簇头选举优化和多跳路由选择优化。具体内容是:首先利用固定半径的同心圆对节点进行划分;其次综合考虑剩余能量、节点距基站距离、当选簇头次数等因素,优化簇头选举阈值公式,并舍弃LEACH中节点下一轮不能竞选簇头的机制,提高剩余能量多、距基站近的节点的当选概率;成簇后,根据剩余能量等参数为每个簇头设立权重值,然后综合权重值、节点所在层次、距离等因素合理选择上一级父节点,从而形成簇头到汇聚节点的多跳路由传输路径。最后在MATLAB仿真环境下,对改进协议进行重复仿真实验,并与LEACH等协议运行结果进行比较分析。实验结果表明改进协议在延长网络生命周期、均衡能耗分布方面均有明显地改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 WSN is the self-organization distributed wireless network which is composed of the numerous sensor devices. All types of monitored environmental information, such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, illumination is integrated to be sent out to the base station for processing through the cooperation of the sensor nodes. Since WSN deployment is flexible and the maintenance is simple, WSN has been implemented in all fields, such as military, medical treatment, agriculture and mining.WSN is different from traditional wireless network. WSN is composed of self-organization sensor nodes and is taken as the distributed network with limited energy. The monitoring area is in the harsh environment, so how to lower down the energy consumption of nodes and balance the energy consumption distribution is the key point of routing protocol research.This essay has firstly stated the relative concepts of WSN and network and the nodes structure, application field etc.., and then listed out the flat routing protocol and hierarchical routing protocol which can be taken as the representatives, and also arranged simple introduction of the operating mechanism. After that, the essay has focused on the introduction of the main ideas of LEACH protocol and also started the concrete description and analysis of the two operating phrases of LEACH. Finally, the essay has pointed out the improvement methods of cluster head election process and data transferring between clusters due to the bug of LEACH.The main task of improvement protocol is in the following three aspects: node level division, cluster election optimization and multi hop routing election optimization. The concrete content is as follows: 1st, please divide nudes via fixed radius concentric circles; 2nd, based on considering the surplus energy, the distance between nods and base station and the times of clusters to be selected, please optimize the cluster election threshold formula and abandon the node mechanism which cannot be selected as cluster in the incoming round and improve the election rate of nodes which have more surplus energy and get closer to the base station. Then set up the weighted value of every cluster once become cluster according to the criteria of surplus energy. After that, it’s necessary to consider the overall weighted value, the node level and distance between node& base station for reasonably selection of parent node in the upper level. Then it will create the multi hop transmission path from cluster to the sink-node.At last, please repeatedly arrange the simulation experiment of the improvement protocol and then start comparison with the operation result of LEACH protocol under MATLAB simulation environment. The test result has indicated that the improvement protocol has played an important role in the life cycle extension of network and balance the energy consumption distribution.更多还原