【作者】 曹飞；

【导师】 袁守军；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 建筑与土木工程（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 随着世界人口的不断增加,人们对药物的需求量大增,但由于使用不当,已经对水体环境造成了严重的污染。本文以常见的对乙酰氨基酚、酮洛芬和吉非贝齐为研究对象,开展了高锰酸钾氧化、臭氧氧化和氯化工艺对水中三种药物的去除研究,探讨了上述工艺对三种药物的去除效果、影响去除的主要因素、去除机理。高锰酸钾氧化法可以实现对乙酰氨基酚的快速去除,且去除过程符合伪一级动力学模型。论文研究了高锰酸钾氧化水中对乙酰氨基酚去除的影响因素,定量测定了去除过程中NH4+的生成量,采用气相色谱与质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析了其去除过程中的产物。增加高锰酸钾浓度、降低对乙酰氨基酚初始浓度、溶液中添加HC03-和升高溶液温度都可以提高对乙酰氨基酚的去除率；在中性条件下对乙酰氨基酚的去除率最大,升高或降低溶液pH值均会降低其去除率。此外,高锰酸钾氧化法可以有效的去除自然水体中低浓度的对乙酰氨基酚。臭氧氧化法可以有效的去除对乙酰氨基酚、酮洛芬和吉非贝齐,且对对乙酰氨基酚和酮洛芬的去除过程符合伪一级动力学模型。论文研究了臭氧对水中三种药物去除的影响因素,定量测定了对乙酰氨基酚去除过程中NH4+和N03-的生成量,采用GC-MS技术分析了三种药物在去除过程中的产物,提出了可能的去除路径。提高臭氧浓度、降低药物初始浓度、溶液中添加HC03-均可提高相应药物的去除率；升高溶液温度和添加腐植酸可以提高酮洛芬的去除率,降低吉非贝齐的去除率,对对乙酰氨基酚则没有影响；提高pH值,对乙酰氨基酚和酮洛芬的去除率均会提高,而吉非贝齐的去除率则呈现先增加再降低的趋势。此外,臭氧氧化法可以有效的去除自然水体中的低浓度的对乙酰氨基酚、酮洛芬和吉非贝齐。氯化法去除对乙酰氨基酚的过程符合伪二级动力学模型,模型方程式为：-d[AAP]/dt=kapp [AAP]t0.63 [Cl2]t1.37。研究了氯氧化对水中对乙酰氨基酚去除的影响因素,采用GC-MS技术分析了对乙酰氨基酚去除过程中的产物,提出了可能的去除路径。增加次氯酸钠浓度、降低对乙酰氨基酚初始浓度、溶液中添加HC03-和升高溶液温度都可以提高对乙酰氨基酚的去除率；添加NH4+会降低对乙酰氨基酚的去除率;随着pH值的增加,对乙酰氨基酚去除率呈现先降低、再增加随后再降低的趋势。此外,氯化氧化法对自然水体中低浓度对乙酰氨基酚的去除率较差。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid increase of world population, the demand of pharmaceuticals increased rapidely. But pharmaceuticals also induced grievous water pollution problems because of the misemploy or superfluous use. In this paper, acetaminophen, ketoprofen and gemfibrozil were selected as the target contaminants, and removal of pharmaceuticals by potassium permanganate, ozonation and chlorination were conducted. The removal effect, the factors that affect the removal of pharmaceuticals and removal mechanism were studied.Acetaminophen could be removed quickly during potassium permanganate oxidation process. The reaction kinetics could be well described with pseudo-first-order kinetics. The factors that affect the removal acetaminophen by potassium permanganate were studied, the amount of the generated NH4+ was determined, the degradation by-ptoducts were proposed according to the analysis of GC-MS. The results showed that the removal efficirncy of acetaminophen increased with increasing potassium permanganate concentration, decreasing initial acetaminophen concentration, additive HCO3- and higher temperature. Compared with raising or lowering pH value, the removal efficirncy of acetaminophen was the hightest under the neutral condition. In natural water matrixes, it confirmed that the low concentration of acetaminophen can be removed by potassium permanganate oxidation.Efficient removal of acetaminophen, ketoprofen and gemfibrozil could be attained by ozone. To acetaminophen and ketoprofen, the reaction kinetics could be well described with pseudo-first-order kinetics. The factors that affect the removal Pharmaceuticals by ozone were discussed, the amount of the generated NH4+ and NO3- was determined to acetaminophen, the degradation by-ptoducts and the main removal pathways were proposed according to the analysis of GC-MS. The results showed that the removal efficirncy of Pharmaceuticals increased with increasing ozone concentration, decreasing initial pharmaceuticals concentration and additive HCO3-. With increasing temperature and additive humic acid, the removal efficirncy of ketoprofen, gemfibrozil and acetaminophen increased, lowed and did not effect respectively. With increasing pH value, the removal efficirncy of acetaminophen and gemfibrozil increased, but the removal efficirncy of ketoprofen firstly increased and then decreased. In natural water matrixes, it confirmed that the low concentration of pharmaceuticals can be removed by ozone oxidation.To acetaminophen, the reaction kinetics could be well described with pseudo-second-order kinetics during chlorination process. The pseudo-second-order kinetics was -d[AAP]/dt=kapp[AAP]t0.63[Cl2]t1.37. The factors that affect the removal pharmaceuticals by chlorination were discussed, the degradation by-ptoducts and the main removal pathways were proposed according to the analysis of GC-MS. The results showed that increasing sodium hypochlorite concentration, decreasing initial acetaminophen concentration and additive HCO3- and higher temperature were all advantageous to improve the removal efficirncy of acetaminophen. The removal efficirncy of acetaminophen decreased with additive NH4+. With increasing pH value, the removal efficirncy of acetaminophen firstly decreased, then increased and then decreased. In addition, it confirmed that the low concentration of acetaminophen can not be removed by chorination in natural water matrixes.更多还原