【作者】 刘芳；

【导师】 王惠林； 廖新福；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 园艺（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以断根嫁接为主线,通过西瓜苗的一般插接、断根嫁接和靠接等不同嫁接方法嫁接成活率、工效和生长势比较,突出断根嫁接优越性；对西瓜不同生理苗龄进行双断根顶插接,通过对断根嫁接苗的成活率、茎粗、株高、地下部鲜重、地上部鲜重、叶面积等生理性状指标的测定,综合分析确定西瓜嫁接苗最佳的接穗苗龄；运用断根嫁接方法培育若干嫁接苗,进行了三种不同类型砧木共5个品种的嫁接栽培试验和5个不同接穗品种的嫁接栽培试验。结论如下：断根嫁接法嫁接的成活率高达95.67%；操作技术简便、日作业量3000株,嫁接工效显著高于一般插接50%,高于靠接73%；独特的扦插环节,保证嫁接苗的一致性与整齐度；壮苗指数较高,不易徒长；须根根系发达吸收水肥能力强,瓜苗生长势明显强于传统嫁接苗。西瓜苗子叶半开半合至欲展平时、子叶展平期、第一片真叶露头时这3个连续时期进行断根嫁接,其成活率、茎粗、株高、地下部鲜重、地上部鲜重、叶面积等各项指标处于最佳状态,对西瓜断根嫁接比较适宜。杂交南瓜、野生西瓜、瓠瓜三种不同类型砧木,均具有较强的根系再生能力。杂交南瓜砧酒砧1号与西瓜嫁接,亲和力强、早熟性好、产量高、生长势强,品质风味较佳,综合表现好,野生西瓜砧木表现较好,瓠瓜砧表现不理想。因此杂交南瓜砧酒砧1号是目前当地西瓜嫁接首选砧木。抗二、大果王、宏福世纪、大圆宝、华欣180五个不同西瓜品种嫁接栽培对西瓜嫁接苗生长势、早熟性、产量及品质等的影响有一定差异。大圆宝品种生长势强、产量高、品质风味较佳,综合表现最好,为现阶段嫁接西瓜栽培主推品种。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this experiment the main line was root-cutting grafting. The watermelon seedlings were used different grafting method, for example, generally inserted, root pruning and grafting, as well as grafting survival rate, efficiency and comparison of growth potential, and root-cutting grafting was prominent superiority. Different watermelon seedling age used double root top, through determination of the root-cutting grafting seedling survival rate, stem diameter, plant height, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, leaf area and other physiological traits, to determine the best scion ages of grafted watermelon seedlings; I used the root cutting grafting methods to cultivate a number of grafted seedlings, and grafting cultivation of grafted tests were conducted with three different types of stock, a total of 5 species and 5 different scion cultivars. Conclusions were as follows:Survival rate of root-cutting graft reached 95.67%, operating simply, grafting 3000 strains daily, grafting work efficiency was significantly higher 50% than general cottage grafting above and 73% than approach grafting, unique cutting link ensured consistency an uniformity of grafted seedlings, seedling index was higher, no spindling, the ability to absorb water and fertilizer of fibrous root was strong, growth vigor of grafted seedlings was significantly stronger than the traditional grafting.Survival rate, stem diameter, plant height, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weigh of root-cutting grafting were the best at the 3 constant period of from partly-mixed to flattening for cotyledon, flattening for cotyledon, appearing for the first true leaf.3 different types of rootstock with hybrid pumpkin, wild watermwlon, bottle gourd had strong ability to regenerate roots. Jiuzhen No.1 for pumpkin rootstock was grafted with watermelon, there were stronger affinity and growth vigor, better earliness, quality and flavor, higher yield, good comprehensive performance, wild watermelon performanced well, bottle gourd was unsatisfactory. Therefore, Jiuzhen No.1 for hybrid pumpkin is the 1st choice for local watermelon grafted rootstock.The effects of 5 different watermelon varieties with Kang-2, Da-guowang, Hong-fushiji, Da-yuanbao, Hua-yin180 on growth vigor, earliness, yield and quality of grafted seedlings were some differences. Da-yuanbao had stronger growth vigor, better quality and flavor and the best comprehensive performance than other varieties and was main popularized variety of grafted watermelon at present.更多还原