【作者】 李静；

【导师】 刘秀珍；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以山西省中阳县洪水沟流域坝地为研究对象,系统分析了洪水沟流域坝地土壤理化性状,建立了坝地土壤肥力评价指标体系,对洪水沟流域坝地进行了肥力综合评价；在坝地肥力评价的基础上,提出优化施肥方案,进行了坝地玉米增产效应试验。其主要结论如下：1.洪水沟流域坝地土壤颗粒的分形维数分布在2.7602-2.8502之间,在水平方向上无明显变化规律；坝地土壤的pH值为7.58-8.52,平均值为8.09为弱碱性；坝地CEC介于7.73cmol/kg-14.49cmol/kg之间,平均值为10.92 cmol/kg,属较低水平；2.坝地有机质含量介于1.85g/kg-6.65g/kg之间,平均值为4.34g/kg；坝地土壤有机质含量属于极低水平；3.坝地土壤全氮含量为0.26g/kg-0.79 g/kg,平均值为0.49g/kg.土壤碱解氮含量变化范围在5.84mg/kg-34.54mg/kg之间,平均值为20.46 mg/kg,均属极低水平。4.坝地土壤全磷含量为0.37g/kg-0.65g/kg,平均值为0.53g/kg,属于较低水平；土壤速效磷含量为3.34mg/kg-11.63mg/kg,平均值为6.76 mg/kg,属于低水平；5.坝地土壤全钾的含量为16.66g/kg-25.40g/kg,平均值为21.51g/kg；土壤缓效钾含量变化：724.34mg/kg-1112.47mg/kg,平均值为918.44mg/kg,均属较高水平；土壤速效钾含量变化：93.74mg/kg-176.38mg/kg,平均值为130.79 mg/kg,属较低水平；6.洪水沟流域各坝地土壤肥力综合指数(IFI)为0.385-0.533,11号坝地属低水平,其余坝地均属于中等水平。7.优化施肥可以促进坝地玉米生长发育。优化施肥玉米株高、茎粗均大于传统施肥。C1与Y1处理在苗期、抽穗期株高差异显著,C2与Y2在拔节期、抽穗期株高差异显著；C1与Y1处理抽穗期茎粗差异显著,C2与Y2在苗期、拔节期茎粗差异显著。8.优化施肥可以促进土壤养分转化。优化施肥处理的土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均大于传统施肥。土壤碱解氮、速效磷含量玉米各生育期处理间差异不显著；C1与Y1处理土壤速效钾含量在腊熟期差异显著,C2与Y2处理在苗期、拔节期、抽穗期差异显著。9.优化施肥可提高土壤酶活性。优化施肥土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性均大于传统施肥。土壤蔗糖酶活性在各生育期差异显著；过氧化氢酶活性在苗期差异显著,拔节期C1与Y1处理差异显著；脲酶活性,苗期C1与Y1处理差异显著,在拔节期、抽穗期C2与Y2处理差异显著；10.优化施肥对坝地玉米的穗长、穗粗、穗粒重、百粒重及玉米产量都有所提高；但差异均不显著。11.优化施肥处理取得的玉米经济效益高。Y1与Y2处理分别比C1与C2处理的净收入增加了77元/亩、338元/亩。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article focused on the HongShuiGou dam land that in zhongyang county of shanxi provinces as the research object, systematic analysis the physical and chemical properties of the dam land soil, establishment a dam soil fertility evaluation system, and comprehensive evaluation the fertility condition of the HongShuiGou land; on the basic of fertility evaluation, put forward a optimized fertilization scheme, conducted a dam corn yield trials; The main results are as follows:1. The fractal dimension of the dam land soil in study area are between 2.7602-2.8502, and there is no obvious regularity in a horizontal direction change; pH value of the soil dam are between 7.58-8.52, average is 8.09, the soil is weak alkaline; the CEC content of the dam land are between 7.73cmol/kg-14.49cmol/kg, average is 10.92 cmol/kg, belong to a lower level;2.The organic matter content of the dam land are between 1.85g/kg-6.65g/kg, average is 4.34g/kg, belong to the extremely low level;3. The total nitrogen content of the dam land are between 0.26g/kg-0.79 g/kg, average is 0.49g/kg; the available nitrogen are between 5.84mg/kg-34.54mg/kg, average is 20.46 mg/kg; both of those are belong to the extremely low level;4. The total phosphorus content of the dam land are between 0.37g/kg-0.65g/kg, average is 0.53g/kg, belong to a lower level; the available phosphorus are between 3.34mg/kg-11.63mg/kg, average is 6.76 mg/kg, belong to a low level;5. The total potassium content of the dam land soil are between 16.66g/kg-25.40g/kg, average is 21.51 g/kg, belong to a higher level; Soil slowly available potassium content are between 724.34mg/kg-1112.47mg/kg, average is 918.44mg/kg, belong to a higher level; Soil available potassium content are between 93.74mg/kg-176.38mg/kg, average is 130.79 mg/kg, belong to a lower level;6.The IFI scope of HongShuiGou’s dam land is 0.385-0.533,except the list belong to a low level.others are belong to a medium level;7. Optimized fertilization can improve corn’s growth and development; optimized fertilization corn plant height, stem diameter were greater than traditional fertilization. C1 and Y1 treatment’s plant height has a difference significant both in seedling stage and heading stage; C2 and Y2 treatment’s plant height has a difference significant both in jointing stage and heading stage; C1 and Y1 treatment’s thick stems has a difference significant at heading stage; C2 and Y2 in seedling, jointing has a significant height difference.8. Optimized fertilization can promoting the soil nutrients transform. Optimized fertilization treatment of soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content were more than traditional fertilization. Soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus content was not significant difference in the corn growth period; C1 and Y1 treatment’s soil available potassium content has a difference significant in ripening stage; C2 and Y2 treatment’s soil available potassium content has a difference significant in seedling jointing and heading stage;9. Optimized fertilization can improve the soil enzyme activity. Optimized fertilization treatment of soil invertase, soil catalase and soil urease activity were higher than traditional fertilization. Significant difference was found in soil invertase activity in each growth period; Catalase activity were significantly different in the seedling stage, C1 and Y1 treatment has a significant difference in the jointing stage; C1 and Yl treatment’s urease activity were significantly different in the seedling stage, C2 and Y2 treatment were significantly different in jointing and heading stage;10. Optimized fertilization could increased the corn’s ear length, ear diameter, grain weight, kernel weight and maize yield; but the difference was not significant.11. Optimized fertilization treatment get a higher corn economic benefits than the traditional fertilization treatment. Y1 and Y2 treatment than C1 and C2 respectively net income increased by 77 yuan/mu,338 yuan/mu.更多还原