【作者】 王燕；

【导师】 张莉；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 学前教育学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 幼儿性教育是幼儿健康教育的组成部分,更是幼儿健全人格教育的一部分,因此幼儿性教育引起了人们的高度关注。在整个幼儿期,幼儿园是幼儿生活的重要场所,无疑也是幼儿接受性教育的重要来源。一直以来,对个体性教育的关注多强调在青春期,实际上,幼儿期的性教育对个体的身心健康发展有着独特的作用和意义。它不仅有利于幼儿获得科学的性生理知识,而且有利于幼儿建立正确的性别角色,更能帮助幼儿解决性发展过程中的异常状况,为后期的性教育奠定一个比较好的基础。如何做好幼儿园性教育,让幼儿健康成长,成了我们亟需去研究的一个课题。因此,本论文通过查阅文献,采用了改编的《幼儿园性教育调查问卷》对150名幼儿教师进行了问卷调查,结合访谈的结果,调查了幼儿园性教育的现状,分析了幼儿园性教育存在的困难和原因,并且结合查阅的文献与国内外的幼儿园性教育的经验,对幼儿园性教育的改善提出了一些可操作的对策。本论文共分为四个部分：第一部分主要介绍了论文题目的由来和研究的意义(理论价值与实践价值),对国内外有关性教育和幼儿园性教育的研究进行了综述,此外还对文章中涉及到的概念进行了界定,最后对整个研究的思路做了一个介绍,包括对研究目标、研究内容、研究方法、研究过程的介绍。第二部分是论文调查的主体部分,通过调查问卷,初步了解了幼儿园性教育的现状,包括幼儿教师对性知识的掌握情况、对幼儿园性教育的态度、对幼儿相关性行为的态度以及幼儿教师对性教育的开展情况(性教育的频率、目标、内容和方式的选择)。研究发现,幼儿园对性教育的重要性有了一定程度的认识,但是在实践过程中却严重滞后。第三部分是在第二部分现状调查的基础上,分析了幼儿园性教育存在的困难,如幼儿园性教育观念与行动脱节、性教育整体水平不高、年龄差异带来的束缚、对内容把握的片面化以及对方式选择的不合适。此外,结合三个访谈案例,针对这些问题,找出幼儿园性教育存在问题的原因,主要有以下原因：传统文化的束缚、性知识的匮乏和性教育技能的欠缺。第四部分在前几部分的基础之上,探讨幼儿园性教育的改善对策。通过问卷和访谈,探讨了幼儿园性教育需要的帮助,主要是想获得性知识的学习和教育方式方法的培训。最后,学习借鉴了国内外的有益经验,总结出提高幼儿园性教育的四项可操作对策。首先,确立幼儿园性教育的原则(自然性原则、适宜性原则和科学性原则)；其次,在充分考虑了幼儿的年龄特征和身心发展水平、幼儿园健康教育的总目标以及国外的幼儿园性教育目标这些依据后,来构建幼儿园性教育的四级目标体系(总目标-性生理、性心理、性道德分类目标-年龄阶段目标-活动目标)；此外,将社会需求、幼儿自身发展特点和性知识本身要求这三个方面结合起来考虑,按照不同年龄阶段从性生理、性心理、性道德三个层面来选择幼儿园性教育的内容；最后,选取恰当的幼儿园性教育途径(教学活动、生活活动和文化媒介)。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sexual education for preschool children is a component part of children’s health education, but also a part of children’s wholesome personality education, so kindergarten sexual education has attracted people’s high attention. The kindergarten is an important place in the children’s life during the whole preschool period, so it is an important source for kindergarten sexual education. For a long time, the attention of individual sexual education was emphasized in adolescence, while the kindergarten sexual education is full of unique importance and significance to the development of individual physical and mental health. It is not only beneficial to preschool children to obtain scientific knowledge of sexual physiology, and is helul for children to establish the correct gender role, can help them to solve the abnormal problem in the process of sexual development. It lays a good foundation for later sex education. So it become a topic we need to study to do a good job in kindergarten sexual education for preschool children’s healthy growth.Therefore, through the literature, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 150 preschool teachers adopting the adaptation kindergarten sexual education questionnaire. According to the results of the survey, the present situation of kindergarten sexual education was investigated, also the difficulties and the reasons among the kindergarten sexual education were analyzed. Some operable countermeasures were proposed to improve the kindergarten sexual education based on the literature and the sexual education experience of domestic and foreign kindergarten.This thesis consists of four parts:The first part mainly introduced the origin of the topics and the significance of the research, including the theory value and the practice value. The studies of kindergarten sexual education domestically and internationally were summarized, also the concepts involved in this paper were defined in this part. The research strategy, which included research objectives, research contents, research methods and research process, were introduced respectively finally.The second part is the main part of the research thesis. The current situation of kindergarten sexual education was obtained preliminarily through the questionnaire survey. The present situation includes the preschool teachers’mastery of sexual knowledge, the attitude to kindergarten sexual education, the reaction to preschool children’s curiosity and behavior about sex, and the development of preschool teachers’ education in sex (the frequency, goal, content, and chosen manner of sex education). The study found that the kindergartens have realized the importance of kindergarten sexual education to a certain extent, but it lagged seriously in practice.The third part is the further research based on the investigation of the current situation in the second. The difficulties existed in kindergarten sexual education, such as the disjunction between the sexual education idea and the actual action, the shortage of sexual education quality, the constraint caused by the different age, the unilateral understanding of kindergarten sexual education content, and the improper choice of the educational method, were analyzed respectively. Besides these, according to these problems, we found the reasons of these difficulties in kindergarten sexual education combined with three cases of interviews. The main reasons are:The shackles of traditional culture, the scarcity of sex knowledge and the lack of sex education skills. At last, through the questionnaire and interview, we probed the needed help in kindergarten sexual education, mainly refers to the help of desiring to obtain sex knowledge and training the education skills.The fourth part was built based on the previous section. Learning from the good experience of both at home and abroad, summarized four operational countermeasures to improve the kindergarten sexual education. First of all, establish the principle of kindergarten sexual education—natural principle, the suitability principle and scientific principle. Second, adequately considering the age characteristics and physical and mental development of preschool children, the overall goal of kindergarten health education and the goal of kindergarten sexual education abroad, set up the four level target system of kindergarten sexual education (overall goal—the classified target of sexual physiology, sexual psychology, sexual moral—ages stage target—moving target). In addition, the social demand, the characteristics of children’s own development and the sexual knowledge should be considered synthetically. The content of kindergarten sexual education should be chosen according to the different age stages from sexual physiology, sexual psychology, and sexual morality. Finally, select the appropriate way of kindergarten sexual education (teaching activities, living activities and cultural medium).更多还原