【作者】 王健；

【导师】 刘卫民；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 体育教学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 在现代足球比赛中,大约有三分之一的进球来自于定位球,显然定位球已经发展成为了决定比赛胜负的重要组成部分。所谓定位球就是指在比赛中形成死球时所采用的攻守战术方法。定位球在比赛中的重要性不言而喻,有些时候决定着比赛的走势,尤其是在交战双方势均力敌的比赛中,关键性的进球往往是定位球。除此之外,定位球有其特定的优势：一是在规定的9.15米范围内没有防守球员的阻碍或干扰,这样就可以投入较多的进攻球员在预先设计好的位置上进攻；二是罚球队员在触球之前有充足的准备时间,进攻队员可以通过观察防守队员站位的情况灵活的选择位置和商量进攻策略。所以,各国都很重视对定位球战术的研究和训练,尤其是对前场的界外球、前场任意球以及角球各战术的演练更是用心良苦。世界杯作为足球比赛中最高级水平赛事,32支球队更是拼尽全力,为我们奉献了64场精彩的比赛,共打入171粒进球,而在此期间定位球就有54粒,占总进球数的三分之一还多,足够彰显定位球的重要地位。本文主要通过数理统计法、文献资料法、录像统计法等研究方法对本届世界杯期间的54粒定位球进球进行探讨分析,为各国足球教练员提供参考依据,以便更好的发挥定位球的作用。通过分析和研究得出：(1)本届世界杯32支球队共打进171粒进球,其中定位球54粒,占总进球数的31.58%。(2)前场35米区域是任意球进攻的主要地带,中路区域多采用是直接任意球射门,进球4粒,边路主要采用“一次配合”战术,进球8粒。(3)本届世界杯角球进球25粒,占总进球数的46.3%。球队主罚角球的方式主要是长传配合和战术角球。(4)本届世界杯共判罚12粒点球且全部打进,点球的犯规的区域主要集中在罚球区的C、D两区,进球的球门区域主要集中在1区,有6粒进球。(5)利用头掷界外球方式进球4粒,左、右两侧各进球2粒。主要是通过球员快速罚出,经过小范围的短传配合形成射门。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the modern football matches, the place kicks account for about one-third in the whole goals, witch shows that place kicks have played an important part in determining the outcome of the game. Place kick refers to a tactical approach when the ball is in a dead situation during a match. The importance of the place kick in the game is evident. Sometimes it can influence the match direction, especially in a close match. In addition, place kick has it’s own specific advantages:the first one is that there is no defensive players within 9.5 meters, which can put more offensive players to attack in a designed place; the second one is that there is enough time for the players to get ready before they get the ball to shot the penalty kick, and this means that the offensive players can choose a rational attack strategy and position based on the stance of the defensive players. Therefor, nations around the world attach great importance to the place kick research and training, especially the tactics training of front throw-ins, front free-kicks and corner-kicks.As the highest level of football competition, the World Cup present 64 wonderful matches, in which the 32 teams do the best. There were 171 goals in the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil, of which 54 are place kicks that count for more than one-third of the whole goals, which have shown the importance of place kicks. Mainly using the methods of statistics, documentation and video observation, ect. This study analyze the 54 place kicks, aiming to provide references for the football coaches from different nations, and to play a better role for the place kicks. The research results are:(1)There were 171 goals coming from 32 teams, among which are 54 place kicks that account for 31.58%.(2)The 35-meter-front-zone was the main attack area, while direct free-kicks were tend to used in the middle, where there were 4 goals. And the tactic of cooperate-once was mainly used, leading 8 goals.(3) There were 25 corner-kicks, accounting for 46.3% of the whole goals. The main approaches used by teams were long-pass cooperation and corner-ball tactics.(4)There were 12 penalty goals, and the main foul areas were penalty area C and D. The main goal area was goal-one-area, with 6 goals.(5)There were 4 head foul balls, with 2 balls both on the left and right. The shoot happens, mainly through the player’s quick-pass and a short cooperation.更多还原