【作者】 王飞；

【导师】 戴胜群； 胡望水； 苏惠；

【作者基本信息】 长江大学 ， 地质工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 豫西地理位置是位于河南省西部的广泛地区,即京广线以西、黄河以南、伏牛山以北地区；大地构造位置是在北西—近东西向秦岭—大别山造山带北缘山麓带和吕梁—太行北东向隆起带交汇点,发育多个中、新生代沉积盆地,如洛阳、伊川、宜阳、临汝等。因豫西各个盆地所处的大地构造位置比较特殊,造成该区构造发展演化不仅主要承受南侧秦岭造山带的多期北东向逆冲推覆作用的影响之外,还遭受吕梁—太行山隆起以及太平洋构造域对亚洲大陆俯冲所造成的伸展作用和走滑作用的影响,从而使该地区经历了多期构造叠加。为重建豫西地区中、新生代构造格架,确立原型盆地成盆机制,在盆地构造演化基础之上进行有利区带评价及明确有利的勘探区带及目标,本项研究基于区域构造环境和构造体制的转换,以盆地结构和构造沉积演化恢复为基础,以构造地质学、含油气盆地构造分析等理论体系为依据,采用地震资料人机连作解释、平衡剖面技术、古构造恢复等手段,结合野外地质调查与室内研究,以差异成盆作用和差异改造作用分析为重点,深入系统的对研究区内区域地球物理场特征、各期次断裂—褶皱组合形式、各构造单元不同期次差异变形特征等方面进行了分析,主要取得了以下成果认识：(1)基于构造变形的差异性,根据豫西地区存在南北分带,东西分段的特征,在研究区内划分五个一级构造单元,十个二级构造单元。五个一级构造单元分别为南缘逆冲推覆—伸展构造带、渑池—伊川—汝州冲断—伸展构造带、嵩山北斜坡—断陷区、北缘断块区和嵩山—箕山隆起区。其中南缘逆冲推覆—伸展构造带近—步分为宜阳—洛宁逆冲推覆—断陷区和伊川南逆冲推覆—断陷区；渑池—伊川—汝州冲断—伸展构造带分为渑池—新安冲断—断块区、洛阳西冲断—断陷区、伊川冲断—断陷区、汝州西冲断—断块区和汝州东冲断—断陷区；嵩山—箕山隆起区分为嵩山凸起、登封断块区和箕山凸起。(2)将研究区分为三大构造层：盆地基底、盆地盖层和上覆层,而盆地盖层可再分为六个亚构造层,为加里东亚构造层、海西亚构造层、印支亚构造层、早中燕山亚构造层、晚燕山—早喜马拉雅亚构造层、晚喜马拉雅亚构造层,上覆层为第四系。(3)研究区主要被南缘秦岭—大别造山带自南向北的挤压作用导致收缩变形,其不同地段局部应力方向也因造山带的非直线性展布各有差别。明确了豫西地区印支期以来各构造单元差异构造变形方式。晚印支期为逆冲、褶皱,早中燕山期为逆冲推覆、断裂褶皱、斜坡,晚燕山期—早喜马拉雅期为断陷、断块作用,晚喜马拉雅期则为坳陷作用。(4)重建豫西地区印支期以来构造演化时序与演化特征,认为研究区主要经历了晚印支期、早中燕山期,晚燕山期—早喜山期和晚喜山期等期次构造运动,其中晚印支期—中燕山期表现为向北的前展式逆冲推覆作用,晚燕山期—早喜马拉雅期则为断陷与断块作用,晚喜马拉雅期为拗陷作用。其与秦岭—大别造山的“盆山”在晚印支期—中燕山期持续发生耦合,促使豫西地区晚印支期—中燕山期持续发生断褶作用,盆地性质表现为陆内前陆盆地,而至晚燕山期—早喜山期发生“脱耦”,但是秦岭—大别造山带还是依然为豫西地区提供物源。嵩山与豫西地区的盆山作用方式为隆起与盆地关系,未显大规模的逆冲推覆作用,仅起阻挡和提供物源作用。中条山亦只起阻挡和提供物源作用。(5)豫西地区各期次构造演化对油气成藏控制作用明显,构造演化控制烃源岩的分布,主要表现在对成藏物质、成烃史、改造破坏。烃流体源中残余烃流体源分布于伊川冲断—断陷区、洛阳西冲断—断陷区、渑池—新安冲断—断块区,二次生烃分布于洛阳西冲断—断陷区,次生烃流体源则主要分布于伊川冲断—断陷区推覆体下盘。对油气藏的主要破坏方式有隆升破坏和断裂改造。确立了豫西地区成藏主控因素和成藏模式。残余烃流体源区成藏主控因素为保存,二次生烃区为输导体系,次生烃流体源区为储层。残余烃流体源区成藏模式为早期成藏、长期改造、晚期残存,二次生烃区为二次生烃、下生上储,次生烃流体源区为盲冲控位、多期改造、晚期成藏。(6)对各构造形变区的进行了综合评价优选,将研究区的各构造形变区勘探潜力分为5个级别：最有利构造形变区、有利构造形变区、较有利构造形变区、含油气远景区、非含油气远景区,认为伊川冲断—断陷区为最有利构造形变区,其中重点为逆冲推覆断层下盘,并认为该区推覆体下盘是最有利勘探对象。其次为洛阳西冲断—断陷区,再次为渑池—新安冲断—断块区,紧接着为汝州东冲断—断陷区,最差为宜阳—洛宁逆冲推覆—断陷区和嵩山北斜坡—断陷区。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yuxi area is located in the western Henan Province, that is, the west of Beijing-Guangzhou railway line, south of the Yellow River, and the north of Funiu Mountain area.The geotectonic position is the intersection point of North West nearly East West Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt along the northern margin of the Piedmont belt and North East to the uplift zone of Lvliang-Taihang.It developed many small sedimentary basin of Mesozoic and Cenozoic,mainly Luoyang,Yichuan,Yiyang,Linru and so.Because of the special tectonic position of Yuxi basin which determines the tectonic evolution in the area controlled not only by the main influence of more WE trending overthrust on the south side of the Qinling orogenic belt, but also by the Lvliang-Taihang uplift and Pacific tectonic subduction to the Asian continent caused by strike-slip effect and extension,forming a multi-phase structure superimposed tectonic framework.For the reconstruction of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic framework in the west of Henan Province and the establishment of the prototype basin tectonic evolution mechanism, the evaluation of favorable exploration zones and the favorable target zones was maked clear on the basis of tectonic evolution.This study is based on the the regional tectonic environment and transformation of tectonic system. According to the basin structure and restoration of tectonic sedimentary evolution and structural geology,we analysis the oil and gas basin structure.We use seismic data interpretation by man-machine continuous cropping,balanced cross-section recovery technology and paleostructure restoration,combining the investigation of field geology and indoor research,to analyze the regional geophysical characteristics of each period.Fault-fold and differences deformation characteristics of different stage tectonic units are combined.The main results as the following recognition:(1)According to the difference of tectonic deformation and the characteristics of north-south zoned and west-east segmented in the west of Henan Province, it divided into five first-order tectonic units and ten two-grade tectonic units in the study area.Five first-order tectonic units are southern margin overthrust-extensional tectonic belt,Mianchi-Yichuan-Ruzhou thrust-extensional tectonic belt,Songshan North Slope-rift zone,the northern margin fault block and Songshan-Jishan uplift area.The southern margin overthrust-extensional tectonic belt can be divided into Yiyang-Luoning overthrust-rift zone and southern Yichuan overthrust-rift zone; Mianchi-Yichuan-Ruzhou thrust-stretch tectonic belt is divided into Mianchi-Xin’an thrust-block,western Luoyang thrust-rift zone,Yichuan thrust-rift zone,western Ruzhou thrust-block area and eastern Ruzhou thrust-faulted zone.Songshan-Jishan uplift can be divided into Songshan mountain uplift,Dengfeng block area and Jishan uplift.(2)The study area can be divided into three structural layers:basin base, basin cap layer and overlying layer.The basin cap layer can be divided into six sub tectonic layer. Caledonian sub-structural layer, Hercynian sub-structural layer, Indosinian sub-structural layer,early and middle Yanshan sub-structural layer, late Yanshan-early Himalayan sub-structural layer,late Himalayan sub-structural layer.The overlying layer is the Quaternary sediments.(3)Deformation of shrinkage in the study area is mainly affected by extrusion effect from the south to the north in the southern margin of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt.The non linear distribution of orogenic belt makes the difference of the local stress at different sections.(4)Since the Indosinian reconstructing of timing sequence and characteristics of tectonic evolution in western Henan, it is considered that Yuxi area go through the late Indosinian, early and middle Yanshanian,late Yanshanian-early Himalayan and late Himalayan tectonic movement.The study area in late Indosinian to middle Yanshanian is northward overthrusting of piggy-back thrust sequence, late Yanshanian to early Himalaya is the fault and fault block, and the late Himalaya is depression.With "basin and Mountain" of Qinling-Dabie orogenic sustained coupling in late Indosinian-middle Yanshanian,it prompted to be fault-fold in Late Indosinian-middle Yanshanian in western Henan, the property of the basin is the foreland basin, and decoupling happened in late Yanshan-early Himalayan, but Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt is still providing the material source for western Henan province. Songshan Mountain is the uplift and the western Henan is basin.There are not exist massive overthrust.lt plays only the role of blocking and providing the material source.So does Zhongtiaoshan.(5) The controlling effect of tectonic evolution on hydrocarbon accumulation of each period in western Henan is obvious,tectonic evolution control the distribution of source rocks, mainly in the hydrocarbon accumulation history of substance,transform and damage.Residual hydrocarbon fluid source is located in Yichuan thrust-faulted area,west of Luoyang thrust-rift zone,mianchi-Xin’an thrust-block,secondary hydrocarbon distributed in west Luoyang thrust-faulted area,secondary hydrocarbon fluid source is mainly distributed in footwall of Yichuan thrust-nappe rift zone. The main means of destruction to reservoir is uplifting and fault transformation.The main controlling factors of the reservoirs and accumulation model in western Henan are established. Main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation of residual hydrocarbon fluid source area is preservation, secondary hydrocarbon generation zone is the carrier system,and hydrocarbon fluid source area is reservoir. The accumulation model of Residual hydrocarbon fluid source area is early accumulation, long-term transformation, late residual, secondary hydrocarbon generation area is secondary hydrocarbon generation, generation below and storage above, hydrocarbon fluid source area is the blind thrust control, multi phase transformation, late accumulation.(6)To conduct a comprehensive evaluation and optimization in the tectonic deformation zone,exploration potential of each tectonic deformation zone at the study area is divided into five levels:the most favorable tectonic deformation zone,favorable tectonic deformation zone,the less favorable tectonic deformation zone,oil and gas prospects,non-hydrocarbon prospects.Yichuan thrust fault depression zone is the most favourable tectonic deformation zones, especially the footwall of thrust nappe fault, and that the zone of nappe footwall is the most favorable exploration target.更多还原