【作者】 马勇；

【导师】 徐洪兴；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 中国哲学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以“仁”这一概念在两宋之际理学思想中的转变为核心内容,概述并分析了从胡宏到朱熹仁学思想转变的发生过程。北宋理学张载、程颢一系保留了孟子传统“仁心说”思想,认为“仁”是与心、性本为一体一元,是人与生所具的一种道德本心的良心。到南宋湖湘学派的胡宏将“性”提升至天地之本体,并进一步地明确了“天地之心”的概念,将程颢的“仁者浑然与物同体”思想解释为“天地之心”与“人心”的贯通,天道本体的性体与人心、道德本体的仁体本然为一,指出仁是人道德良心的“仁心”。而朱熹早年不满于道南学派静坐澄心以识仁的上达工夫,试图探究普遍适用的工夫教法,但其切入点在中和问题和心性结构上。通过对道南学派、谢良佐、湖湘学派在中和问题和心性问题上的反省和批判,朱熹在中和新说之后建立起了心性情三分新的心性论,以此为基础,在与湖湘学论战的“仁说之辩”中即对“仁”的问题作了一新的整合,定义为“仁为心之德、爱之理”,仁是人心中的“仁性”。本文即是通过对胡宏《知言》和朱熹《仁说》这两部重要文献中关于论仁的思想内容展开,以“仁心”和“仁性”的两个方面,分析两种仁学思想的不同,并概述其理论差异的原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis focuses on studying the different benevolence between the Northern and Southern Song Dynasty in Neo-Confucianism and analyses the thought transformation process on Confucius benevolence form Huhong to Zhuxi. The exordium of this thesis firstly reviews Zhangzai, Chenghao’s thoughts on benevolence. They thought that benevolence is the "Unity of Man and Nature",and it stems from human’s moral mind.The body part of this thesis is divided into the following three chapters.Chapter Ⅰ points out Huhong maintained the source and sum of "Xing" is the Supreme Ultimate based on Chenghao’s moral Philosophy. In his magnum opus "Zhi’Yan",he thought "Xing" is universe’s mind,which presents in human being is man’s mind, a self-reflected mind accomplishes "Xing", strictly to say, "Xing" is reflected on human by Mind. So in Huhong’s Philosophy, benevolence is man’s conscience as well as universe’s mind.Huhong’s theory emphasized Benevolence is their mind.Chapter Ⅱ presents Zhuxi’s benevolence theory based on his "mind dominated character and sentimental" after "Zhong-he new theory". In his magnum opus "Ren’Shuo", he criticized former scholars on benevolence theory such as Huhong,Xie liangzuo, Yangshi. Zhuxi thought benevolence is not come from their own conscience, more precisely, it is not mind. In Zhuxi’s system,"Xing" is different from mind,it is inherent in mind as moral basis.Zhuxi believed benevolence is a kind of morality in human’s mind,and it is also the principle of moral feeling.Chapter Ⅲ generally analyses the reason for the two benevolence theory’s difference.Further, the core point is how they treat the relation of mind and benevolence,why they would have such problems.And it will have what kind of impact on the history of Confucianism.更多还原