【作者】 张斌；

【导师】 石艺尉；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 项目管理（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 轨道交通的建设项目在我国各大中城市发展迅速,视频监控(CCTV)系统作为其中关键的安全和信息支撑系统,它目前的建设效益和发挥的作用与国际先进水平之间仍有较大差距,且越来越多地暴露出了许多重要的问题,如盲点多,清晰度差,智能应用水平低,未能对列车碰撞、乘客安全事故等重要事件起到预防和保护的作用。该问题的探讨对于我国轨道交通行业的建设发展有重要的现实和指导意义。通过广泛的调查和系统性的研究分析,发现造成以上结果的关键原因是目前轨道交通工程中,对视频监控系统项口的需求管理缺乏有针对性的理论研究和具体的管理方法。经过梳理,进一步发现以上原国来自于系统脆弱性、功能应丌用完善性以及管理模式和运营理念三个方面。为了解决这些问题，本文基于国际公认的项目管理知识体系标准,借鉴CMM(能力成熟度模型)对于过程成熟度的评价和提升方法论,紧密结合CCTV在我国轨道交通发展中的特定环境、要求和目标,制定了一套有针对性的项闷需求管理原则,设计了符合轨交项目生命周期特点的管理方法体系,并且建立了“需求坡”等实用的管理模型作为支撑。研究分析结论表明,根据本文探讨的需求管理原则,通过有效掌握和执行各阶段的关键管理过程方法,可以有效解决CCTV在轨道交通建设项目中因需求管理引起的主要问题,实现良好的效益,包括：1,有效地提升系统建设的效果,保证项目质量；2,提高项目成本控制能力；3,充分、高效的工作分解和控制,降低延期风险;4,有助于提高项目沟通的效率和管理效果。本文从轨道交通项目生命周期角度,探讨了影响CCTV系统项目需求管理的关键因素,结合系统工程和集成化管理等理论,针对此类项目在管理中面临的主要问题,提出了需求管理的“充分分解、动态开发和分类权衡”的核心原则,按照项目阶段对关键活动给出了具体的管理措施,以及绩效评价方法。最后,文章结合案例分析总结出该系统典型的项口需求管理流程,并且对其有效性进行了验证和评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rail transit (RT) projects have been developed rapidly in many of the metropolis in China. As one of the mission-critical security and information enabling system however, the CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) for RT has been built and operated in a way that has limited its performance. The usual system drawbacks could involve blind-spots, low resolution, poor intelligent enablement, which have affected its development and application significantly.As recent researches unveil, these drawbacks could result from 3 key factors as: System vulnerability, functional fulfillment and administrating mode & concept of operations.To address these challenges, this paper proposes a RT-oriented, life-circle management methodology system. This system follows a set of targeted principles for better project requirement management, which has been developed from international standards on project management, evaluation criteria and improvement path recommended by CMM (Capability Maturity Model) by considering those needs specific for developing a CCTV system for RT in China.Studies suggest that those key challenges with regards to the project requirement management are possible to be solved effectively in phases. The merits could include:1, quality improvement; 2, cost control capability; 3, low risk of delay; 4, promoting the effectiveness of project communications and governing efficiency.This paper, from the perspective of life-cycle of RT projects, identifies the key factors to the project requirement management of CCTV system. By focusing on resolving the foresaid major challenges, it suggests the managerial guidelines of "cascade breakdown, life-cycle development and categorized balancing", proposes specific methodologies of requirement management works by phases, and recommends pertinent evaluation tools, based on principles of system engineering and integrated management. A case study has also been elaborated to evaluate the effectiveness of the identified management processes and practices.更多还原