【作者】 高鹏；

【导师】 王树文； 金伟志；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 农业工程（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 无刷直流电机调速控制是无刷直流电机传动系统中一个重要的环节,直接影响其运行特性,决定着一台电机能否发挥出最大效能以及一个机电系统能否满足于在某种环境下的使用等问题。所以设计科学的无刷直流电机调速系统,是提高生产率的重要前提。目前无刷直流电机多应用于汽车、家电、工业、医疗等领域的精密调控环节,通过设计更完善的无刷直流电机的调速系统,确保电机输出稳定、精确,同时进一步提高电机利用效率,这对劳动生产具有巨大的促进作用。所以通过研究无刷直流电机调速系统来进一步改善机电系统性能对解放和发展生产力具有重要意义。STM8是一种新兴的专门适用于无刷电机控制的微处理器,具有六路带死区互补输出功能的PWM通道,是一种专门为电机控制而设计的具有优异的性能控制芯片。同时其价格一般仅是普通电机驱动处理器价格的五分之一。综上所述,由其构成的无刷直流电机控制系统的成本大为降低,所以价格低廉,并且具备大量装备的条件,因此特别符合我国农业装备发展的需要。目前,无刷直流电机控制策略中检测转子位置的方法主要为利用霍尔元件获取信号计算出转子位置。这种方式除了要在电机上装额外的传感器元件以外,还要考虑避免在电机工作中因震动、过热等现象产生的诸如精度下降,动态响应迟缓等问题。针对上述问题,本文设计了无刷直流电机无传感器检测调速硬件平台,主要由控制电路、功率电路、信号处理等部分组成,以N+N MOS架构为主,建立核心功率控制电路。首先,设计了三段式启动方式,大大缩小了无刷直流电机在低速运行过程中的信号检测盲区,提高了电机启动阶段性能。其次,采用检测悬空相绕组上反电动势过零点来检测转子位置的方法,使得所获取的最佳换相时刻更为精准,提高了电机运行阶段的稳定性。再次,通过PI调节方式,设计了转速电流双闭环控制环节,缩短了动态响应时间,提高了系统快速反应能力和控制精度。通过在matlab仿真软件检验电机启动、运行、转速PI调节等环节,计算得出了动态调节特性曲线。从仿真结果来看,双闭环PI调节在精确稳定输出转速的同时最大程度上缩短动态调节过程时间。最后,编写了调速系统各模块控制软件,实现整个控制系统功能。为了实现控制系统操作简明化,另增加了C++编写的上微机程序,实现了操作系统可视化。实验表明,基于STM8的无刷直流电机调速系统具有较高的控制精度、较强的可靠性及可操作性,为无刷直流电机调速的进一步发展奠定了基础,具有很高的应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Speed control of Brushless DC motor is an important part of the brushless DC motor drive system, directly affect the operating characteristics, determines a motor can play a maximum performance and a mechanical system can meet to the problem under a certain environment etc.. Brushless DC motor speed control system and design of science, is an important premise to improve productivity. The brushless DC motor is more and more used in precision regulator of automobile and home appliances, industrial, medical and other fields, through better design of Brushless DC motor speed control system, ensure the stability and the accuracy of the motor output. At the same time, to further improve the motor efficiency, this has great significance on promoting labor. So through the study of the brushless DC motor speed control system to further improve the system performance is of great significance to the liberation and development of productive forces.STM8 is a new kind of specially suitable for brushless DC motor control of the microprocessor, the PWM channel has six complementary output function with dead zone, is a kind of special for motor control and design of control chip with excellent performance. At the same time, the price is only 1/5 of the price of the ordinary motor driven processor. In summary, the brushless DC motor control system which is composed of the cost is greatly reduced, so the price is low, and have a lot of equipment condition, especially to meet the needs of the development of agricultural equipment in china.At present, the control strategy of Brushless DC motor rotor position detection method to calculate the rotor position is to use the Holzer component signal. This way, in addition to the motor transducer additional outside, but also consider the decrease caused by vibration, overheating phenomenon motor work such as accuracy, slow response of dynamic. In view of the above problems, this paper designed a brushless DC motor without speed sensor detection hardware platform, mainly by the control circuit, power circuit, signal processing components, using N+N MOS framework, the establishment of core power control circuit. First of all, the design of the three stage start, greatly reducing the brushless DC motor at low speed signal blind detection process, improves the performance of motor starting. Secondly, by detecting the free phase winding back EMF zero crossing method to detect the rotor position, the best time for obtaining more accurate and improve the stability of motor running stage. Third, adjust the way through the PI, the design speed and current double closed loop control, the dynamic response time is shortened, and improve the system of rapid response and control precision. In the MATLAB simulation software, by starting the motor running speed test, PI regulation, to calculate the dynamic regulation characteristic curve. From the simulation results, the accuracy and stability of double closed loop PI control of output speed and maximum dynamic adjustment process to shorten the time. Finally, write each module control software control system, realize the whole function of the control system.In order to realize the control system easy to operate, added on a computer program written in C++, realize the visualization of the operating system.Experimental results show that the operation reliability and control accuracy, strong STM8 brushless DC motor speed control system based on high, laid the foundation for further development of the speed control of Brushless DC motor, has the very high application value.更多还原