【作者】 吴涛；

【导师】 殷宗俊； 张晓东；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 养殖（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 本文从繁殖性能、生长性能、胴体性能三方面对美系大约克、长白猪、红色杜洛克、白色杜洛克进行了比较研究,试验内容包括：试验一：美系长白猪、大约克、红色杜洛克、白色杜洛克繁殖性能主要指标的比较分析本试验旨在考察不同品种间窝产仔数的差异、不同品种产仔高峰期产仔数的差异以及同一品种不同胎次间的产仔数的差异。试验选取大约克、长白、红色杜洛克、白色杜洛克各200窝左右的繁殖记录作为数据分析来源进行了分析。试验结果表明：(1)在窝总产仔数上,从高到低依次为长白、大约克、白色杜洛克、红色杜洛克,且前三个品种产仔数明显大于红色杜洛克。在窝产活仔上,呈现同样的趋势。方差分析结果显示,长白的窝总产仔数与其它三个品种差异极显著(P<0.01),大约克和白色杜洛克杜之间差异显著(P<0.05),红杜和其它品种差异极显著(P<0.01)。(2)大约克母猪在窝总产仔数和窝产活仔数方面,1～6胎均较高,从第1胎开始上升至第3胎达产仔高峰期(11.86头、10.96头),第4胎以后呈现逐渐下降的趋势,第7胎开始产仔数明显下降。方差分析显示,大约克母猪窝总产仔数、窝产活仔数中第3胎(12.13头、10.96头)与第7胎(9.83头、10.10头)差异极显著(P<0.01),第8胎与所有胎次差异极显著(P<0.01),其余各胎次均差异不显著(P>0.05)。(3)在产仔高峰期的第3胎次四个品种美系母猪的窝总产仔数和窝产活仔数由高到低依次为大约克、长白、白色杜洛克、红色杜洛克,且红杜产仔数明显小于其它三个品种。方差分析显示,大约克、长白猪窝总产仔数、窝产活仔数与红色杜洛克差异性极显著(P<0.01),白色杜洛克与红杜差异性不显著(P>0.05)。(4)四个品种的仔猪初生重从大到小依次为长白、红色杜洛克、白色杜洛克和大约克。28日龄断奶仔猪个体重由高到低依次为长白、大约克、红色杜洛克、白色杜洛克。方差分析显示,长白仔猪初生重和大约克差异极显著(P<0.01),红色杜洛克和大约克之间差异显著(P<0.05),其它猪种之间差异性不显著(P>0.05)。在28日龄仔猪断奶重方面,长白猪与红色杜洛克和白色杜洛克之间差异极显著(P<0.01),大约克和红色杜洛克之间差异显著(P<0.05),大约克和白色杜洛克之间差异不显著(P>0.05),红色杜洛克和白色杜洛克之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验二：美系长白、大约克、红色杜洛克、白色杜洛克生长性能主要指标的比较分析本试验旨在考察四个品种美系猪的仔猪初生重、28日龄断奶重、达100kg体重校正日龄的差异。试验选取了三个生长阶段的大约克、长白、红色杜洛克、白色杜洛克各200头左右,测定并分析其各项指标数据的差异性。实验结果表明：(1)四个品种达100kg体重校正日龄由高到低依次为白色杜洛克、大约克、红色杜洛克和长白,且大约克和红色杜洛克天数相差很小。方差分析显示,长白和白色杜洛克之间差异极显著(P<0.01),其它品种彼此之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)四个品种在断奶后平均日增重由大到小依次为长白、红色杜洛克、大约克和白色杜洛克。方差分析显示,大约克28日龄断奶至测定日期平均日增重和大约克差异显著(P<0.05),长白与红色杜洛克和白色杜洛克差异极显著(P<0.01),其它品种之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验三：美系长白、大约克、红色杜洛克、白色杜洛克胴体性状主要指标的比较分析本试验旨在考察四个品种美系猪两个重要胴体性状指标的差异。试验选取了四个品种美系猪各200头左右,测定并分析其达100kg体重校正背膘厚和达100kg体重校正眼肌面积的差异性。试验结果表明：长白猪达100kg体重校正背膘厚明显高于其它三个品种,大约克、红色杜洛克和白色杜洛克之间相差不大。方差分析显示,长白和其他三个品种之间差异性极显著(P<0.01),其它品种彼此之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。四个品种美系种猪达100kg校正眼肌面积由大到小依次为大约克、红色杜洛克、白色杜洛克和长白,但彼此之间差异性不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,长白猪的产仔数最多、仔猪初生重最大,在本场的繁殖性能强于大约克、红色杜洛克和白色杜洛克。并且,长白的断奶后平均日增重最大,达100kg体重校正日龄最小,在本场的生长性能表现也强于其它三个品种。大约克达100kg体重校正背膘小于长白和红色杜洛克,达100kg体重校正眼肌面积大于其它三个品种,在场的胴体品质表现强于其它三个品种。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, a comparative study on reproductive traits, growth performance and carcass performance in American Yorkshire, Landrace, Red Duroc and White Duroc were made. The study included 3 parts:The first experiment:The comparative analysis of reproductive traits in American Yorkshire, Landrace, Red Duroc and White Duroc.This experiment is designed to investigating the differences of the litter size among the four varieties of breeding pigs, and the influence of the parities in Yorkshire’s litter size.199 litter of American Yorkshire,200 litter of Landrace,200 litter of Red Duroc and 191 litter of White Duroc were selected to make a comparison. The result shows that:(1) The litter size of Landrace, Yorkshire, White Duroc and Red Duroc are performanced from highly to low, and it’s same to the alive litter size.Variance Analysis shows that, the difference between Landrace’s litter size and other three varieties of breeding pigs are very significant (P<0.01), the difference between Yorkshire and White Duroc is significant (P<0.05),the difference between Red Duroc and other varieties of breeding pigs are very significant (P<0.01).(2) The litter size and alive litter size of Yorkshire pigs are larger from lth to 6th tires, which began to rise from 1th to the 3th tire until it reach to the peak of calving (11.86,10.96), it shows a declining trend from 4th tire and the 7th tire began to decrease significantly. Variance Analysis shows that, the litter size and alive litter size of Yorkshire pigs in 3th(12.13,10.96) and 7th (9.83,10.10)has very significant difference(P<0.01),the 8th has very significant difference with other varieties of breeding pigs (P<0.01).there are no other significant difference between other combinations (P>0.05)(3) In the peak of farrowing (3th parity),the litter size and alive litter size of Yorkshire, Landrace, White Duroc and Red Duroc performanced from high to low, and Red Duroc is significantly less than three other varieties. Variance Analysis shows that, the difference of litter size and alive litter size between Red Duroc and three other varieties are very significant (P<0.01).while the difference between White Duroc and Red Duroc is not significant (P> 0.05).(4) Piglets’ birth weight of four varieties was descending as Landrace, Red Duroc, White Duroc and Yorkshire. While 28-day-old weaning weight is descending as Landrace, Yorkshire, Red Duroc and White Duroc. Variance Analysis shows that, the birth weight of Landrace and Yorkshire is very significant difference (P<0.01), the difference between Red Duroc and Yorkshire was significant difference (P<0.05), while the difference between other combinations are not significant (P> 0.05).To the 28-day-old weaning weight, the difference between Landrace, Red Duroc and White Duroc are very significant (P<0.01), the difference between Yorkshire and Red Duroc is significant (P<0.05), the difference between Yorkshire and White Duroc is not significant (P> 0.05), the difference between Red Duroc and White Duroc is not significant (P> 0.05).The second experiment:The comparative analysis of growth performance among American Yorkshire, Landrace, Red Duroc and White Duroc.This study is designed to investigating the difference of piglet birth weight, weaning weight at 28 days, and up to 100kg weight correction day old among four varieties of American breeding pigs.200 of Yorkshire, Landrace, Red Duroc,White Duroc in three growth stages was selected to measuring and analyzing their differences. The result shows that:(1) To up to 100kg weight correction day old:it is descending as White Duroc, Yorkshire, Red Duroc and Landrace. Landrace is significantly less than White Duroc (P<0.01),there are no significant differences among other varieties (P>0.05).(2)The average daily gain from weaning is descending as Landrace, Red Duroc, Yorkshire, and White Duroc. Variance Analysis shows that, the average daily gain between Yorkshire and Landrace is significant (P<0.05), the difference of average daily gain between Landrace and Red Duroc, White Duroc are very significant (P <0.01), there are no other significant difference among other combinations (P>0.05).The third experiment:The comparative analysis of carcass performance among American Yorkshire, Landrace, Red Duroc and White Duroc.This study is designed to investigating the differences of two important indicators in the carcass performance among four varieties of American breeding pigs.200 of each varieties was selected to measuring and analyzing the differences between correction back-fat thickness and correction eye muscle area of up to 100kg in weight.The result shows that:The correction back-fat thickness of up to 100kg in weight of Landrace is significantly thicker than three other varieties. Variance Analysis shows that, Landrace has significant difference with three other varieties (P<0.01).the difference among other combinations are not significant (P> 0.05).The correction eye muscle area of up to 100kg in weight of four varieties descending as Landrace, Red Duroc, White Duroc and Yorkshire, but it’s not significantly (P>0.05)In conclusion, the Landrace’s reproductive traits is the best among the four varieties of American breeding pigs for it has bigger litter size and piglets birth weight. Moreover, the Landrace has a biggest average daily gain and lowest up to 100kg weight correction day old, it’s growth performance is the best. The Yorkshire’s carcass performance is the best, it has a lower up to 100kg back-fat thickness than Landrace and Red Duroc, it’s correction eye muscle area of up to 100kg is the biggest.更多还原