【作者】 张玲；

【导师】 李保国； 齐国辉；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 林业（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 为了高效利用水资源、提高核桃栽培的效益,探明保水剂不同施用方式和不同施用量在核桃栽植中的应用效果。以‘绿岭’核桃嫁接苗为试材,以不施保水剂为对照,研究了保水剂施于底部,分施于中部、底部和分施于底部、中部、上部3种施用方式,每株树施用15 g、25 g、35 g、45 g 4种施用剂量对核桃栽植成活、生长、土壤含水量、根系脯氨酸含量、根系活力、土壤物理性质、光合速率及蒸腾速率的影响。结果表明:1.L型保水剂和XL型保水剂3种施用方式和4种施用剂量的栽植成活率均为100%,对照为90%,各处理的成活率均显著高于对照。2.5月份,L型保水剂分施于底部、中部和XL型保水剂全施于底部的单株新梢总生长量均显著高于对照,分别为20.29 cm、21.63 cm。9月份,在不同用量中,施入L型保水剂15 g和XL型保水剂25 g的单株新梢总长度均显著高于对照,分别为69.68 cm、85.54 cm,对照为51.28 cm。3.4~7月份,土壤体积含水量均以XL型保水剂分底部、中部、上部三个部位施入的较高,显著高于对照。4月份,XL型保水剂分底部、中部、上部三个部位施入后,0~20 cm、20~40 cm、40~60 cm土层的体积含水量较高,分别为38.53%、43.55%、32.92%;5、6月份XL型保水剂分底部、中部、上部三个部位施入的处理仍显著高于对照;7月份,0~20 cm、20~40 cm、40~60 cm土层土壤体积含水量则以L型保水剂分三个部位施入的最高,分别为27.33%、37.88%、38.93%。4~5月期间土壤体积含水量以L型、XL型保水剂施入量均为35 g的较高;6~8月份土壤体积含水量则以XL型保水剂施入量为25 g的较高,显著高于对照;在4、5、8月份,0~20 cm、20~40 cm、40~60 cm土层土壤体积含水量随两种剂型保水剂施用量的增加而增加,但施用量达到35 g后出现下降。4.L型和XL型保水剂均以施入底部的根系脯氨酸含量最高,分别为90.93μg·g-1、153.60μg·g-1,但两种剂型保水剂不同施用部位的根系脯氨酸含量均显著低于对照,对照为231.93μg·g-1;L型保水剂分底部、中部、上部三个部位施入的根系活力为68.85μg·g-1·h-1,极显著高于对照。两种剂型保水剂不同施用量的根系脯氨酸含量均极显著低于对照。不同施用量的根系活力均与对照无显著差异。0~20 cm、20~40 cm土层的毛管持水量以XL型保水剂分底部、中部、上部三个部位施入的最高,分别为23.86%、22.15%,显著高于对照。在0~20 cm土层,施入15 g和25 g L型保水剂的毛管持水量极显著高于对照,分别为23.09%、21.95%;0~20 cm、20~40 cm土层饱和含水量均以施入45 g L型保水剂极显著高于对照,分别为43.16%,42.23%。5.0~20 cm土层的土壤容重经XL型保水剂分底部、中部、上部三个部位施入处理后与对照相比降低了0.1107 g·cm-3,20~40 cm土层,L型保水剂全部施于底部和XL型保水剂分底部、中部、上部三个部位施入的土壤容重分别为1.393 g·cm-3、1.3477 g·cm-3。施入L型保水剂15 g、35 g和XL型保水剂25 g后,20~40 cm土层的土壤容重显著低于对照,分别为1.3384 g·cm-3、1.3892 g·cm-3、1.3715 g·cm-3。6.除XL型保水剂分底部、中部、上部三个部位施入的光合速率为单峰曲线外,其他各处理的光合速率日变化呈双峰型曲线,在10点和14点左右出现峰值,在12点出现“午休现象”。在不同施用量中,L型和XL型保水剂的光合速率随着施用量的增加而增高,但用量达到35 g后出现下降,各处理光合速率低于对照,且变化平缓。7.L型保水剂施于底部的树体叶片蒸腾最低,而对照的蒸腾速率在10点和14点出现峰值,在12点出现一天的低谷,其他处理则没有这种剧烈的变化;L型和XL型保水剂施入量均为15 g的蒸腾速率在14点达到峰值,且高于其他各处理,分别为5.435 mmol﹒m-2﹒s-1、5.740 mmol﹒m-2﹒s-1。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to use the water resources efficiently, increase the efficiency of the walnut cultivation, determine the effects of aquasorb applying methods and quantity in walnut planting, grafted seedlings of ’Lvling’ walnut were used as material, not applied aquasorb was as the control, the effects of aquasorb application techniques that 3 application positions that were applied to the bottom, to the middle and bottom, to the bottom, middle, upper part of the seedling and 4 application quantities that were 15 g, 25 g, 35 g, 45 g per plant on the survival of walnut, shoot lengths, soil volumetric water contents, root proline contents, root activities, soil physical properties, photosynthesis rates and transpiration rates were studied. The results showed that:1. The walnut seedlings survival rates of all the applied aquasorb treatments were 100%, that of the control was 90%, and those of all the aquasorb treatments were significantly higher than the control.2.In May, the total shoot lengths per plant of applied L type aquasorb to the middle and botto, applied XL type aquasorb to the bottom were significantly higher than that of the control, which were 20.29 cm, 21.63 cm respectively. In September, the total shoot lengths per plant of applied 15 g L type aquasorb and 25 g XL type aquasorb were significantly higher than that of the control, which were 69.68 cm, 85.54 cm respectively,the control was 51.28 cm.3.From April to July, the soil volumetric water contents of applied XL type aquasorb to the bottom, middle, upper were significantly higher than the control. In April, after applied XL type aquasorb to the bottom, middle, upper, the soil volumetric water contents in 0~20 cm, 20~40 cm, 40~60 cm soil layers were higher, that were 38.53%, 43.55%, 32.92% respectively; In May and June, the soil volumetric water contents of applied XL type aquasorb to the bottom, middle, upper were still higher than the control; In July, the soil volumetric water contents of applied L type aquasorb to the bottom, middle, upper in 0~20 cm, 20~40 cm, 40~60 cm soil layers were the highest, which were 27.33%, 37.88%, 38.93% respectively.The soil volumetric water contents of applied 35 g L and 35 g XL type aquasorb were the highest during April to May; From July to August, the soil volumetric water contents of applied 25 g L type aquasorb was significantly higher than that of the control; In April, May and August, the soil volumetric water contents in 0~20 cm, 20~40 cm, 40~60 cm soil layers increased by two types of aquasorb application quantities increased, but the soil volumetric water contents decreased when the application quantities reached to 35 g.4.Root proline contents of applied L and XL types aquasorb to the bottom were the highest, which were 90.93 μg·g-1, 153.60 μg·g-1 respectively, but root proline contents of aquasorb applied to the different part were significantly lower than the control, that was 231.93 μg·g-1;Root activity of applied L type aquasorb to the bottom, middle, upper was 68.85 μg·g-1·h-1, it was significantly higher than the control. Root proline contents of applied two types of aquasorb and quantities were significantly lower than the control. There were no significant differences of root activities among the different aquasorb applied quantities and the control. The capillary water holding capacities of applied XL type aquasorb to the bottom, middle, upper in 0~20 cm,20~40 cm soil layers were the highest, they were significantly higher than the control, which were 23.86%,22.15% respectively. In 0-20 cm soil layer, the capillary water holding capacities of applied 15 g and 25 g L type aquasorb were significantly highest than the control, which were 23.09%,21.95%; The saturated water contents of applied 45 g L type aquasorb in 0~20 cm, 20~40 cm soil layers were significantly higher than the control, which were 43.16%,42.23%.5.The soil bulk densities of applied XL type aquasorb to the bottom, middle, upper in 0~20cm soil layer reduced 0.1107 g·cm-3 compared with the control; The soil bulk densities of applied L type aquasorb to the bottom and XL type aquasorb to the bottom, middle, upper in 20~40 cm soil layer were 1.393 g·cm-3, 1.3477 g·cm-3 respectively. The soil bulk densities of applying 15 g, 35 g L type aquasorb and 25 g XL type aquasorb in 20~40 cm were significantly lower than the control, which were 1.3384 g·cm-3, 1.3892 g·cm-3, 1.3715 g·cm-3 respectively.6. The photosynthetic rate daily variations were bimodal curves except applied XL type aquasorb to the bottom, middle, upper, which was unimodal curve, the peaks appeared at about 10 o ’clock and 14 o ’clock, and at 12 o ’clock appeared the phenomenon of " midday depression ".The photosynthetic rates of applied L and XL types aquasorb increased by the aquasorb application quantities increased, but decreased when the application quantity reached to 35 g, and photosynthetic rates of other treatments were lower than the control and their variations slowly.7. The leaf transpiration of applied L type aquasorb to the bottom was the lowest, and the transpiration rate of the control appeared peaks in 10 o ’clock and 14 o ’clock, at 12 o ’clock appeared troughs in a day, there hadn’t this kind of dramatic changes of the other treatments. The transpiration rates of applying 15 g L and 15 g XL types aquasorb appeared peak in 14 o ’clock, and were higher than the other treatments, which were 5.435 mmol﹒m-2﹒s-1, 5.740 mmol﹒m-2﹒s-1 respectively.更多还原