【作者】 王伟；

【导师】 张家波；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 渔业资源， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 观音岩是金沙江中游水电梯级开发中的最后一级,为高坝工程,它在提供清洁电力能源的同时,也对区域渔业环境和资源造成了巨大的影响。如何对受损的资源进行有效的补偿是渔业工作者一直在探索的课题,因为这样的水工工程我国有数以万计之多,其中,人工增殖放流是最重要的措施。对于以资源补偿为目的的水库增殖放流来说,保证增殖放流在带来的生态效益同时兼顾经济效益和社会效益是一个艰巨的课题,若操作不当,不仅无法达到增殖放流的目的,反而会给受到影响的环境造成更大的负面效应。因此,建立一套有效的增殖放流效果监测与评价体系结合有效的管理手段,对增殖放流的最终成果至关重要。然而目前,我国对于增殖放流效果的监测技术与评价体系的研究非常欠缺,尤其是随着我国大量水利水电工程的实施,以种群恢复和保护为目的的补偿性放流存在很大的争议。建立一套以种群恢复为目的的增殖放流效果监测与评价体系来指导增殖放流势在必行。本文以金沙江中游观音岩水电站增殖放流效果监测与评价体系的构建为出发点,通过文献资料、数据资料收集、指标筛选、数据标准化处理、鱼骨分析法、层次分析法、专家评析等方法,构建了一套以种群恢复为目的的补偿性增殖放流效果监测技术与评估体系。主要研究结果如下:1、观音岩增殖放流效果评价体系的建立:通过对观音岩水库的特征,区域渔业结构,当地社会经济状况以及增殖放流的性质进行辨析。经过比选,确定了放流种群存活率、放流种群对资源的贡献率、放流种种质评价、水域生态环境、公众资源5个评价指标。对各指标分别进行两两间的比较,得出各指标的权重分别为0.38、0.23、0.23、0.11、0.05,利用层次分析法,构建了观音岩增殖放流效果评价体系。2、观音岩增殖放流效果监测技术体系的构建:构建了以放流技术监测、生物学效果监测、放流水域环境监测、敌害生物监测、适应性监测为指标的观音岩增殖放流效果监测体系,对各指标的实施方法进行了分析,并根据各指标的研究现状结合观音岩的实际情况给出了具体的实施方案。3、选用10对微卫星引物,对金沙江观音岩江段圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)群体的遗传多样性进行研究。统计分析了有效等位基因数、观测杂合度、期望杂合度、多态信息含量等遗传学指标,结果显示所选用的10对微卫星引物在监测群体中均表现为多态性,共监测到等位基因数84个,平均有效等位基因数为5.4296;观测杂合度0.8000~0.9333、期望杂合度0.7747~0.8414;多态信息含量为0.649~0.753;Shannon’s指数为1.5237~2.2602;Hardy-Weinberg平衡偏离指数为0.0326~0.1277。更多还原

【Abstract】 Guan Yin Yan is the last hydropower station of the middle reaches’ hydropower cascade development of Jin Sha river. It’s a high dam project, providing clean electricity energy to human but doing harm to regional fishery environment and resources. How to effectively compensate for damaged fishery resources has been explored urgently for tens of thousands of power station in China. Among all of the compensation measures, the fishery enhancement and release is one of the most important. It is a difficult task to balance between ecological benefits and economic and social benefits for dams adopting compensation measures such as fishery enhancement and release. For the measure of fishery enhancement and release, it couldn’t achieve the goal of proliferation and would bring negative effects to the environment if operated inappropriately. So, it is very important to establish an effective monitoring technology and evaluation system of fishery enhancement and release combined with effective management. However, little work has been done on monitoring technology and evaluation system of fishery enhancement and release in our country. Fishery enhancement and release adopted for the purpose of fish population restoration is still in controversy. So, it’s absolutely necessary to build up a set of scientific monitoring technology and evaluation system of fishery enhancement and release as the guidance.Researches were made on monitoring technology and evaluation system of fishery enhancement and release of the Guan Yin Yan hydropower station through data collection, index selection, standardizing treatment of the data, fish bones analysis, analytic hierarchy process, expert evaluation and so on. Main results for this study were as follows:1、To establish an evaluation system of fishery enhancement and release of the Guan Yin Yan reservoir: Guan Yin Yan reservoir’ characteristics, local fisheries structure and the social and economic conditions of the region were identified and five evaluation indexes were determined: the survival rate of release population, release population for the contribution of all the fish resources, evaluation of germplasm resources of release species, ecological environment of waters, public awareness of resource and environmental protection. Comparisons were made among each index, the weight of each index was obtained as 0.38, 0.23, 0.23, 0.11, 0.05, respectively, and the evaluation system of fishery enhancement and release of the Guan Yin Yan reservoir was built.2、Establish of monitoring technology system of fishery enhancement and release of the Guan Yin Yan reservoir: the monitoring indexes of the system contain release technology monitoring, biological effects monitoring, release region environment monitoring, enemy organism monitoring, adaptation monitoring. The application method of each index was analyzed and specific implementation plan based on the research status of every index combined with the actual situation of Guan Yin Yan reservoir was provided.3、Ten microsatellite markers were applied to analyze the genetic diversity of Coreius guichenoti in the Guanyinyan section of Jinsha River. Allelic frequency, expected heterozygosity(He), observed heterozygosity(Ho) and polymorphism information content(PIC) were calculated and analyzed by statistical methods. As a consequence, polymorphism was observed in all the selected ten microsatellite markers of the tested group. There were totally 84 alleles at the 10 microsatellite loci, with an average 5.4296 alleles per locus. The expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.8000 to 0.9333 and from 0.7747 to 0.8414, respectively. PIC value ranged from 0.649 to 0.753, Shannon’s index ranged from 1.5237 to 2.2602, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium deviation index ranged from 0.0326 to 0.1277.更多还原