【作者】 王磊；

【导师】 刘国峰； 刘占理；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学(北京) ， 地质工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 随着铁路事业的快速发展,针对铁路路基出现的病害进行快捷的检测方面的需求逐渐加强。现在针对铁路路基出现的病害进行检测的手段仍借鉴了常规的方法,存在一定的破坏性,较低的效率低,精度也比较差,同时经济成本比较高,容易造成路基破损程度继续增加。探地雷达(GPR)指的为一比较新的无损测量装置,为一种利用电磁法进行探测的手段,通过地下介质所具有的电性差异开展检测。该手段具有无破损性、快的探测速度、能够获得不间断的成像内容以及高的分辨率等特点,在对隐藏缺陷以及浅层细致地层构造两方面进行高分辨率检测方面应用广泛,所获得的成效令人满意。随着探地雷达在公路道路质量检测中日趋成熟的应用,人们开始考虑将其引进铁路路基病害检测中来。本文结合探地雷达的工作原理及铁路路基病害的相关理论,研究探地雷达在铁路路基病害检测中的应用,通过对各种探地雷达设备的了解比较,结合现场试验,完成了铁路路基病害检测设备的选型及其与轨道车的组装;通过数据处理和分析,开展检测结果现场验证,不断对病害判定标准进行修改,最终确定了铁路路基几种常见病害的雷达典型图像标准,作为以后数据解译的依据。本文主要内容和研究成果如下:1、简述我国铁路及路基病害检测的现状,明确本文的选题意义和研究内容,并对当前国内外铁路路基雷达的发展及应用情况进行说明。2、简述探地雷达系统的组成和基本理论,电磁波传播所具有的特性以及特点;对于路基所用探地雷达自身所具有的探测特点以及相关的性能参数和探地雷达所具有的工作原理进行了介绍。3、简述铁路路基结构,并对铁路路基的常见病害进行了简略介绍,对铁路路基及常见病害有了初步的了解。4、通过对国内外探地雷达设备的了解比较,确定相对适合的雷达型号,并通过现场试验,确定天线组的摆放方式及位置,并完成雷达设备与轨道车的组装,完成铁路路基病害雷达检测的硬件要求。5、确定现场数据采集参数,并简单阐述了雷达数据处理的流程及方法。通过不断的检测后进行现场验证,取得有效数据,归纳总结各种常见路基病害的雷达典型图像,制定雷达数据评判标准,完善铁路路基快速检测技术,快速、准确的为铁路路基病害整治提供可靠依据。6、以已制定的雷达典型图像为标准,在铁路路基病害检测中实例验证,检测所制定标准的可行性,取得了良好效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the fast development of China’s railway industry, the inspection requirements of track bed defects and anomalies getting higher and higher. Nowadays the traditional methods of track bed inspection are still widely used in the assessment of track bed. These methods are ineffective, expensive, and low-precision; many of them are destructive to the railway and even worsen the damage of the track. Ground penetrating radar(GPR), which based on the electrical properties of sub-ground layers, is a new non-destructive testing electromagnetic equipment. The radar survey approach permits continuous, high speed and high resolution mapping. It has been successfully applied to the detection of shallow detailed geological structures and high-resolution hidden defects. GPR has been regularly used in the road evaluation. And it’s gradually introduced to monitor track bed conditions.Based on the principle of GPR and relevant theory of the track bed defects, this paper concentrate on the usage of GPR in the inspection of track bed. First the GPR was mounted on a train after the type selection and on-site experiment. The radar surveys in this work presented several identified symbolic image standards of common track bed defects through the data analysis and site validation. And these standards could be useful in the data interpretation.The main results of this study can be summarized as follows:1. A brief description of railway industry, the status of track bed inspection in China. Also presents a review of the development and application of GPR in track bed evaluation at home and abroad.2. Briefly outlined the system components and principle of GPR, the transmission characteristics and prosperities of electromagnetic wave. Introduce the working principle, detection abilities and performance index of GPR.3. Described the structure of roadbed and common railway roadbed disease.4. Meet the hardware demands of inspection by assembling the GPR equipment on the train after the choosing suitable GPR and determine the way and position to mount the antennas.5. Defined the parameters of data sampling. Introduced the procedure and method of GPR data procession. This research summarized symbolic image of common track bed defects after data analysis and site validation, set radar data evaluating standard, completed the high speed inspection of track bed. This study provides reliable basis for treatment of railway subgrade defects.6. Achieved good results in the practical examples by testing feasibility of the standards based on the previous identified symbolic radar image.更多还原