笛卡尔形而上学体系探究

【作者】 王磊；

【导师】 罗跃军；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 外国哲学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 笛卡尔通过普遍怀疑的方法找到了形而上学的基础,他发现有一件事是不能怀疑的,那就是我在怀疑这件事本身。怀疑就是“思”,所以我不能怀疑我在怀疑这件事的真正含义就是“我思故我在”。在确定“我在”之后,“我”通过不断地思考,内容逐渐丰富起来。我不仅有了理智的功能,还有了感觉和想象的功能。进而意识到“我”之中还有观念,意志情感和判断。笛卡尔按照观念的来源为观念分类,在考察观念来源的过程中他发现了上帝的观念,于是继续追问上帝观念的来源,从而得出其必来自上帝的赋予,所以也就证明了上帝的存在。但笛卡尔没有就此终止,因为他建立形而上学的目的不但是要证明上帝存在还要证明灵魂不会随身体一起灭亡。于是他继续推演外物的存在,肉体的存在,论证灵魂与肉体是如何联合,并对精神实体与物质实体加以区分。最终完成了形而上学的建构。更多还原

【Abstract】 Descartes, through the method of general doubt find the foundation of metaphysics, he found that there is one thing that can’t be doubt, that is me in doubt the matter itself. Doubt is "thinking", so I can’t doubt I doubt it really means is "I think therefore I am". In determining the "I", "I" through constantly thinking, content rich rise gradually. I have not only the function of rational, and the function of feeling and imagination. And then realized that "I" concept, emotion and will. Descartes, according to the source of the idea for the concept of classification, in the process of inspection source of ideas he had found the concept of god, then continue to cross-examine the source of the concept of god, so it will be given from god, so he proved the existence of god. Descartes did not end because he established the purpose of metaphysics but have to prove god exists but the mind will not perish with the body. He continues to exercise the existence of external things, the presence of the body, mind and body of argument is how to joint, and the entity distinction between material and spiritual entity. Finally completed the construction of metaphysics.更多还原