【作者】 郭晨；

【导师】 俞洁；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 交通运输工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随人口向城市的集聚以及城市机动化的快速发展,城市居民的出行特征呈现多元化发展特性。在这种现实背景下,以轨道交通为主体,多样化的地面公共汽车线网为辅助的城市公交系统逐步构建并发展,多层次、差极化的公共交通服务网络已经成为国内公交系统的必然发展趋势。灵活型公交服务系统作为主干公交线网的重要补给,是介于常规公共交通与出租车之间的一种新兴的灵活性出行模式。该系统既可以满足居民方便、快捷换乘轨道交通系统的需求,又尽量降低公交运营公司的花费,同时在整个公共交通系统中起到集散乘客的作用。因此,本文以轨道交通的接驳问题为切入点,以满足乘客快捷换乘轨道交通系统的需求为导向,探讨了一种新型的灵活型公交服务模式——面向轨道交通站点的灵活型接驳公交服务,并将研究重点聚焦于接驳站点的优化选址问题。首先,本文在研究城市结构、轨道交通站点及客流特征的基础上,深入剖析了灵活型公交服务系统与轨道交通接驳适用性,并结合轨道交通系统以及灵活型公交服务系统特性,提出本论文的研究对象——面向轨道交通站点的灵活型接驳公交服务。其次,根据需求响应接驳服务技术支持以及相关研究成果,确定了需求响应接驳轨道交通服务的交通工具、预约回复方式、票制票价、运营模式等内容。再次,综合考虑该服务系统涉及的乘客、运营公司、政府和社会三个方面的需求,建立了包括小区模型、选择必然响应站点、系统模型三阶段的、多元目标站点选址模型。小区模型以最小化乘客步行至集散点距离、选择道路服务水平较高的道路和减少公交车对道路交通流的影响为目标,从多个备选站点中选择每个服务小区的集散点；以优先服务特殊需求站点、乘客比例较高站点和保障公交300米覆盖率为原则,选择必然响应站点；系统模型目标函数最小化公交车辆偏移距离和乘客到公交站点与候车时间之和为目标,选择接受预约的服务小区。最后,本文通过算例分析,验证了模型的可行性、优越性和适用性,同时针对偏移距离、站点人数和乘客至公交站点与候车时间之和等参数进行敏感性分析,解析各个参数与模型目标的相关性。本文研究成果可以为我国开设面向轨道交通站点的灵活型接驳公交服务规划与建设提供设计方案指导。本文创新点主要包括：根据调查和分析对比选择了灵活型公交服务系统票制、票价、车型、预约回复方式等相关内容；通过从乘客、运营公司、政府和社会三个角度分析灵活型公交服务系统站点选址所涉及的因素,构建多目标、多参数三阶段的选址模型,来确定灵活型公交服务系统所服务的小区站点；并设计相关算法。“多对多”接驳模式、服务路线和车辆调度模型及动态选址模型是将来重点研究方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the urbanization process of Chinese cities speeding up,and the expansion of the city size, and a large population flow into the city, city residents travel characteristics becomes diversified.Therefore,the travel pattern of cities is changing to motorization and diversification, which promote public transit is stratified by distance and volume. Flexible transit service system (FTSS) is a kind of public transport which is similar with conventional public transport and taxi. This system can not only stasify need of residents conveniently travel and transferring to rail transit, but also reduce the cost of the bus operation. At the same time, it can gather passengers along the rail transit route.Therefore, this study views the connection problems of rail transportation as the starting point and in order to meet the passenger transfer to rail transit system demand, this article puts forward a new flexible transit service mode——flexible feeder bus to connect urban railway systems and focuse on locating flexible feeder bus stations.Based on the study of urban construction, rail transit characteristics, basic features of the passenger rail transportation, analyzing the flexible type system bus and rail service connecting applicability. According to characteristics of rail transit and FTSS as well as type of FTSS, determining suitable for connecting rail transit FTSS type——Demand Response Connection (DRC). Simultaneously, accoding to ITS Usage in DRC and related survey, determining transport, appointment way, fare, operating mode and others of DRC. Then, considering this system related three aspects——passenger demand, operating companies, governments and society, building including zone model, choose certain response station, system model 3-stage and multiple targets. The objective function of zone model are passengers walking to pick-up point distance, road services and road grade; by zone property, impact factor and 300m bus coverage ratio choosing response station; the objective function of system model includes an offset distance and passengers walking to the bus station time with waiting time. And design related algorithm. At las t,by case study analysis, verifying the feasibility, stability and applicability of model. At the same time, by the offset distance, number passengers of each zone, passengers walking to the bus station time with waiting time and other parameter sensitivity analysis and the waiting time to verify the sensitivity of each parameter. Providing operational data and FTSS station location theory and practice reference for Flexible Transit Service System Facing to Rail Transit planning and design in China.The innovation of this paper mainly includes:according survey and analyses, determine FTSS Operation mode; Building bus stop location model and algorithm design. "Many to many" feeder service mode, route and vehicle scheduling model and dynamiclocation model is a key research direction in future.更多还原