【作者】 张丽敏；

【导师】 殷杰；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 社会科学(social science)是以社会现象为研究对象的科学。严格说来社会科学是在19世纪才出现的,但是如果没有古希腊哲学的思辨精神,以及文艺复兴、启蒙时期的自由、理性的探索精神,也就不会有今天的社会科学。17至18世纪的欧洲伴随着启蒙运动,社会科学思想开始出现并不断发展,对欧洲,乃至世界各国的政治、经济、法律等方面的建构都产生深远影响。因此,对社会科学思想的研究有助于人类更好地认识世界历史的发展规律,创造更美好的社会。本文依据中英文资料,宏观考察此时期西方各国(主要是英国、法国、美国、苏格兰)的社会科学思想主张,采取历史梳理和综合分析相统一、历时性和共时性相结合、从局部分析到整体综合的研究思路,对启蒙运动时期的社会科学思想出现的背景,理论特征及学术意义给予详尽地分析阐述。本文第一章论述启蒙运动时期的社会科学思想产生的历史背景,包括“17世纪普遍危机”,近代自然科学的诞生和发展,以及近代哲学的兴起。第二章概括提炼出此时期社会科学思想的三个理论特征,即机械论特征,自由主义特征、理性思想特征。每个特征又结合具体的社会科学思想理论进行详细分析。第三章总结论述启蒙运动时期社会科学思想的学术意义,此时期的社会科学思想对当时和后世各个国家的各方面建设都起到了指导作用,并且,对“现代性”的兴起和发展产生了影响,不仅将西方世界带入了现代社会,也推动了全世界的现代化进程。因此,对启蒙运动时期社会科学思想的探析不仅有助于我们对现当代社会科学的研究,也可以丰富我们对现代性的认知和理解。更多还原

【Abstract】 Social science refers to a research targeting at the social phenomenon. Strictly speaking, social science was emerged in 19 century. However, without speculative spirit of Ancient Greek philosophy and the freedom and rational exploring spirit in Renaissance Period and Enlightenment Period, the social science would not exist today. With the development of European Enlightenment Movement in the 17th century to 18th century, the thought of social science began to emerge and develop constantly, exerting an far-reaching influence on the construction of politics, economy, law and other aspects in every countries of the world. Hence, research on the social science will facilitates human being to learn the development laws of world history and create a better society.In this article, it has analyzed and discussed in detail on the emerging background of the thought of social science in Renaissance Period by means of integrating historical analysis with comprehensive analysis, diachrony with synchrony and from local analysis to overall integration according to Chinese and English materials on the idea of social science, especially in western countries (mainly England, France, America, Scotland).In Chapter I of this article, it has discussed the historical background emerged by social science thought in Enlightenment Period, including "the general crisis in the 17th century" and resuscitation, the emergence and development of modern natural science, as well as the rise of modern philosophy. Chapter Ⅱ has outlined three theoretical characteristics of social science thought in Enlightenment Period, namely mechanism, liberalism and enlightening reason. And detail analysis has been conducted on each of the characteristics based on specific social science thought. Chapter Ⅲ has concluded the academic significance of social science thought in Enlightenment Period. During that period, social science has played a guiding role on the construction of various social aspects in every countries at that time and in the later generation. It has not only brought western world into the modern society, but promote the modernization process of every countries. Hence, the discussion and analysis on social science of Enlightenment Period will facilitate us to study modern social science and enrich our cognition and understanding to modernity更多还原