【作者】 李光耀；

【导师】 孙野青；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 生物物理学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 为考察纳米材料泄露到水体后对水生生物产生的毒性作用,本文以大型溞为受试生物,探讨了氧化镍纳米颗粒对水生生物的毒性效应。主要研究结果如下：参照OECD202标准方法检测了纳米氧化镍对大型溞的急性毒性。结果表明：大型溞的死亡率不仅与纳米氧化镍的浓度有关,还与一定浓度下大型溞的暴露时间有关。氧化镍纳米颗粒对大型溞的LC50(48h)为36.79mg/L。参照OECD211标准方法,考察了纳米氧化镍对大型溞的生殖毒性。结果表明：纳米氧化镍的长期暴露(21d)使母溞的第一次产卵时间延长、产卵次数和产卵总数减少,并具有显著性。采用培养液暴露、环境暴露和摄食暴露三种暴露方式,对大型溞进行急性毒性测试,三种暴露方式的LC50值分别为22.21、3.79、0.67mg/L。结果表明：通过食物暴露增大纳米氧化镍生物毒性,藻类的生物富集会增大暴露的有效浓度,大型溞对氧化镍纳米颗粒摄取的有效浓度是决定其产生毒性大小的主要因素。探讨非致死剂量暴露下纳米氧化镍对大型溞的氧化损伤及抗氧化酶活性变化规律及HSP70表达量的变化。结果表明,纳米氧化镍造成大型溞的氧化损伤,SOD、CAT和GST酶活力随着氧化镍纳米颗粒暴露浓度的增加逐渐升高,而POD酶活力则表现为随着胁迫程度的增加先升高后降低。探讨在非致死浓度暴露条件下,大型溞体内氧化损伤标志物、氧化应激酶和热休克蛋白70的响应规律。结果表明：低浓度(1mg/L)氧化镍纳米颗粒暴露下,HSP70表达量上调与GST含量升高共同抵御胁迫。高浓度(10mg/L)暴露下,大型溞通过HSP70表达量上调,SOD、CAT、GST酶活力升高,GSH含量增加以抵御胁迫。结果表明在氧化镍纳米颗粒轻度污染条件下(lmg/L), HSP70和GST较为敏感,可作为纳米氧化镍污染的早起预警检测指标。而较为严重的纳米氧化镍污染情况下(10mg/L), HSP70、SOD、 CAT、GST、GSH较为敏感,可作为纳米氧化镍污染的检测指标。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to investigate the toxicity of nanomaterials exposed to the water for aquatic organisms, in this paper the organism being tested is Daphnia magna the,discussing the toxic effects of nickel oxide nanoparticles on aquatic organisms.The main findings are as follows:Testing the acute toxicity of nano nickel oxide to Daphnia magna referencing to the standard method of OECD202.The LC50 (48h) Nickel oxide nanoparticles to Daphnia magna was 36.79mg/L.Investigating the reproductive toxicity of the Daphnia magna after exposing to nano-nickel oxidereferencing the OECD211 standard methods.The results showed that:long-term exposure to nano-nickel oxide (21d) leads to the time extension of parent first prolonged spawning, the reduce of spawning number and the total number of eggssignificantly.Carrying acute toxicity testto Daphnia magna through three methods:culture media exposure,environment exposureand ingestion exposure, the LC50 values were 22.21mg/L,3.79mg/L and 0.67mg/L respectively for the three modes.Discussing the oxidative damage,antioxidant enzyme activity and HSP70 expression variation amount of Daphnia magna under non-lethal dose of nano-nickel.The results showed that,nickel oxide nanoparticles cause oxidative damage to Daphnia magna,the activity of SOD,CAT and GST is increasing with the increasing concentration of nickel oxide nanoparticles,while the POD activity is decreased after the increased as the increased of stress levels.And the HSP70 expression increased exposed to Nano nickel oxide.Discussingthe markers of oxidative damage,oxidative stress and HSP70 response of in Daphnia magna with non-lethal concentrations under exposure condition.The results showed that:in the low concentration (1mg/L) of nickel oxide nanoparticles,HSP70 and GST expression increasedin the meantime to resist stress.While in the high concentration (10mg/L) the expression of HSP70,SOD,CAT and GST increased,the GSH content increased to against stress.It indicated that,HSP70 and GST are more sensitive under conditions of light pollution (lmg/L),which can be used as early warning detection of pollution indicators.更多还原