【作者】 张丹；

【导师】 于兰峰；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 机械工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 高空作业车作为一种将作业人员和器材举升至空中某一特定位置并进行作业的特种车辆,在市政、园林、交通、电力、公路建设及城市管理等方面发挥着不可缺少的作用。国外的高空作业车已经经过了近一个世纪的发展,其各项技术均已比较成熟。在国内,经过40多年的发展,高空作业机械在技术水平和加工工艺等方面同国外仍有一定的差距,但从近几年的工程机械展可以看出,越来越多的新技术开始应用到工程实际中来,结构形式也呈多样化发展。但在国内,低高度的折叠式臂架结构仍以其市场保有量大,用户熟悉、价格低廉、维护简单等优势占据着市场的主导地位。为完善20米以内折叠式臂架高空作业车产品谱系,公司提出了16米折叠式高空作业车的开发任务。该产品的设计以公司原有车型为参照,主要在轻量化、系列化、模块化设计等方面做重点工作。依照产品设计流程,首先确定了产品开发任务目标与要求,并依据相关标准,对整机结构布置的合理性进行了分析,采用稳定系数法,计算了整机的各项稳定性,以确保结构布置满足整机稳定性要求。利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS对主要结构件的强度进行了计算,计算结果表明,各主要结构均满足设计要求。对整机主要受力部件如油缸、回转支承、回转减速机等的主要参数进行了选型计算,所选参数均满足整机的功能需求。并在理论计算的前提下,对整机进行工程设计。对臂架部分提出的油缸内嵌于臂架的结构进行了设计。将理论设计同试验检测相结合,在试制完成后,对样机进行了检测试验。根据相应规范要求,对样机进行了性能试验和可靠性试验。并对试验过程中出现的回转制动时臂架晃动和支腿松动等问题进行了分析和解决。采用实验力学的方法,对主要结构的重要部位贴应变片,测试结构的实际应力。依照国家标准GB/T9465-2008和GB/T7258-2012对样机进行了强制性检验,得出各强检项目均满足相关要求。对比理论计算与应力试验结果,二者存在一定的误差,主要是由模型简化、边界条件设定等因素造成的,但误差在15%以内,因此理论计算可以用来指导设计工作。该样机通过了国家工程机械质量监督检验中心的强制性检验并获得汽车整车产品试验定型报告和质量检测认证的相关证书。即得该16米折叠式高空作业车的整机设计满足设计要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vehicle-mounted Mobile Elevating Work Platform is a special vehicle to lift operating personnel and equipment to a particular position in the air and conduct operation, playing an indispensable role in municipal administration, gardens, traffic, electric power, road construction and city management and so on. In the abroad, the development of Vehicle-mounted Mobile Elevating Work Platform has experienced nearly a century, and the related various techniques have been more mature. In our country, after 40 years of development, aerial work machinery still has a certain gap in technical merit and processing technology compared with the foreign. From the engineering machinery exhibition in recent years, it is observed that more and more new techniques have been applied to the engineering practice, and the structural styles have also presented diversified development. But in domestic, low-height folding boom still occupies the market dominance, taking advantages of its larger market holdings, familiarity with users, low cost and simplicity of maintenance.In order to improve the product spectrum of folding boom Vehicle-mounted Mobile Elevating Work Platform within 20 meters, our company proposed the development of folding Vehicle-mounted Mobile Elevating Work Platform with 16 meters. The design of this product took the original models for reference, and showed significant improvements in light-weight, serialization and modularization design.According to the product design flow, we firstly determined the objectives and requirements for product development, and then analyzed the rationality of the whole machine structure arrangement on the basis of the relevant standards, and finally calculated the stability of complete machine using the method of stability coefficient, in order to ensure structural arrangement satisfied the requirement of stability of the whole machine.Large-scale finite element analysis software ANSYS was used to calculate the strength of the main structures, and the results showed that all the main structures satisfied the requirements of design. We also carried on selection calculation to the main parameters of force components such as cylinder, slewing bearing, slewing reducer and so on, and the results indicated that all the selected parameters met the functional requirements of the whole machine. Meanwhile, the engineering design of the whole machine was conducted on the premise of theoretical calculation and the structure of cylinder embedding in the boom was designed.Combining the theoretical design and test detection, we conducted prototype test after the completion of trial-production. According to the corresponding requirement specification, performance test and reliability test was also conducted to the prototype. The problems appeared in test process were analyzed and solved, such as boom shaking while the swing mechanisms braking, landing leg loosening. With the method of experimental mechanics, strain gages were pasted on the important parts of the main structure, and the actual stress was tested. In accordance with the national standard of GB/T9465-2008 and GB/T7258-2012, mandatory test was conducted to the prototype, concluding that all the testing items met the relevant requirement. Comparing the theoretical calculation and the results of stress test, there was a certain error, which was mainly caused by model simplification, setting of boundary conditions and so on. Due to the error was within 15%, the theoretical calculation can be used to guide the design work.This prototype has passed the mandatory test of the National Construction Machinery Quality Supervision Testing Center, and obtained reports of testing and finalizing the design for automotive products and the related certificates of quality test and certification. In other words, the whole machine design of 16 meters folding Vehicle-mounted Mobile Elevating Work Platform meets the design requirements.更多还原