【作者】 张丽；

【导师】 杨炳钧；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 可以通过及物性分析会话中小句所体现的概念功能,展现人们在实际生活中的经验和经历。20世纪70年代,医患会话成为一个重要的研究领域。此后,关于医患会话的研究如雨后春笋,研究方法也形式多样。中国的医患会话研究在20世纪90年代后半期才开始慢慢起步,但其发展日新月异。许多国内外学者从不同理论角度对医患会话进行了研究,但有关医患会话的及物性分析方面的学术论文并不多。因此,作者尝试从及物性的角度分析中文医患会话,以期给该研究领域提供更多借鉴。作者录音并转写成文字的医患会话有32篇(均取材于同一乡镇诊所),并尝试建立了有32篇医患会话组成的语料库。Halliday(2000)指出及物性系统包括六大过程类型,它们分别是：物质过程,心理过程,关系过程,言语过程,存在过程和行为过程。作者首先判定各小句的过程类型,然后利用Antconc3.3.5数据分析软件统计各个过程类型的出现次数并计算各个过程类型在总的过程类型中所占的比例。从所建小型语料库分析得出的数据可得知：(1) Halliday(2000)界定的六大过程类型在此次搜集的医患会话资料中均有出现,但各个过程类型出现的次数及频率不尽相同。在六大过程类型中,物质过程出现的次数最多并且频率最高,共出现997次,占整个过程类型出现次数的78.26%。(2)在医患会话对话中,患者话语中六大过程类型出现的次数及出现频率均高于在医生话语六大过程类型中出现的次数与频率。其中,患者话语六大过程类型中的存在过程占总的过程类型的比例最高,达75%,而患者话语的物质过程出现的次数最多,达535次。医患话语的各个过程类型出现的次数与频率统计如下：患者话语中存在过程出现21次,占整个物质过程的75%；医生话语中存在过程出现7次,占整个物质过程的25%。患者话语中物质过程出现535次,占53.66%；医生话语中物质过程出现462次,占46.34%。患者话语中心理过程出现41次,占68.33%；医生话语中心理过程出现19次,占31.67%。患者话语中关系过程出现52次,占55.32%；医生话语中关系过程出现42次,占44.68%。患者话语中言语过程出现29次,占50.88%；医生话语中言语过程出现28次,占49.12%。患者话语中行为过程出现27次,占71.05%；医生话语中行为过程出现11次,占28.95%。由以上数据分析可以得出以下结论：(1)及物性系统的六大过程类型分析可以体现医患交际的客观性,信息性及真实性的谈话特点。由以上数据可得出,在建立的由32篇医患对话组成的小型语料库中,物质过程和关系过程在六大过程类型中占据主导地位,这也说明,在医生问诊和病人的病情陈述过程中,他们更注重信息如何充分且客观地表达。心理过程和言语过程出现的频率大致相同,二者同属于从属地位,心理过程注重内心的感知体验,主观性稍强,言语过程侧重信息的交流。出现频率较低的分别是行为过程和存在过程,前者倾向于表达情感,后者重在阐述存在情况。(2)统计比较医患会话的各个过程类型出现的次数及其分别在每个总的过程类型中所占的比率有利于了解在医患会话中,医生和患者各自的心理状态。本文探索性地讨论了汉语医患会话的及物性分析,且语言资料选取了以往较少受到关注的乡镇诊所领域。通过数据分析,作者探索了及物性系统中六大过程出现的次数及出现频率并对医患话语中各个过程类型的出现次数及出现频率做了对比。本文的研究和发现有助于医患本身了解医患会话特点和规则,更好地表达信息已达到成功交流的目的,在一定程度上也对国内汉语医患会话的及物性分析研究具有一定的参考意更多还原

【Abstract】 Transitivity analysis in systemic functional grammar can be used to reveal the ideational function in conversations. Through such analysis we can see experiences of people involved in language activities. Since 1970s, doctor-patient communication has become an important research field in the world. Studies on doctor-patient communication sprang up like mushrooms and research methods varied much. It is in the 1990s that Chinese doctor-patient conversation began to appear. But few studies on Chinese doctor-patient conversations start from the viewpoint of transitivity analysis. Therefore, this thesis aims to carry out a tentative research on Chinese doctor-patient conversations from the perspective of transitivity analysis. It is expected to provide some contributions in this field.This thesis is based on the self-built corpora (made up of 32 medical cases collected from the same town clinic). Halliday (2000) points out that transitivity system is made up of six process types. They are material process, mental process, relational process, verbal process, existential process and behavioral process. The author firstly identifies clauses-process types and then takes advantage of data analysis software Antconc 3.3.5 to get the total numbers of each process type and analyze its distribution and frequency.The main findings of this thesis are as follows through data analysis:(1) Those six process types by Halliday (2000) all occur in the medical conversations collected from the clinic but they have different distributions and frequencies. Among those six process types, material process occurs most frequently in medical conversations. Its occurrence sums up to 997 times, and it makes up a percentage of 78.26% in all process types.(2) Distributions and occurrence frequencies of all six process types identified in patients’ utterances are higher than those of process types in doctors’ utterances. Among those six process types, existential process takes up 75% in all process types and material process is used most frequently. It sums up to 535 times. Distributions and frequencies of those process types in Chinese doctor-patient conversations are as follows:existential process identified in patients’utterance occurs 21 times and takes up 75% in the whole existential process, existential process in doctors’utterance (7,25%); material process in patients’utterance (535,53.66%), material process in doctors’utterance (462,46.34%); mental process in patients’ utterance (41,68.33%), mental process in doctors" utterance (19, 31.67%); relational process in patients’utterance (52,55.32%), relational process in doctors’utterance (42,44.68%); verbal process in patients’utterance (29,50.88%), verbal process in doctors’utterance (28,49.12%); behavioral process in patients’utterance (27, 71.05%), behavioral process in doctors’utterance (11,28.95%).From the above analysis, we can safely arrive at the conclusions:(1) the analysis of six process types in transitivity system can reflect objective and informative characteristics of Chinese doctor-patient communications. From the above data, it can be seen that material process and relational process occupy the dominant place in the corpus made up of 32 medical cases. It also shows that doctors and patients emphasize how to express themselves objectively and efficiently in the process of illness treatment and symptom statement. The occurrence frequency of mental process is basically consistent with that of verbal process. Both of them lay in the subordinate place. Mental process shows human beings’internal conscious experience and verbal process can realize information exchange. Behavioral process and existential process have low occurrence frequencies. The former tends to express emotion and the latter aims to express something existing or happening:(2) this thesis makes a comparison of distribution and occurrence frequency of each process type, and then contrasts distribution and occurrence frequency of each process type in patients’ utterance with those of each process type in doctors’ utterance respectively. It is beneficial for readers to have a good understanding of doctors’ and patients’ psychological states in doctor-patient conversations.This thesis makes a tentative research on Chinese doctor-patient conversations from the perspective of transitivity analysis and language materials are collected from the same town clinic which was paid less attention before. Through data analysis, the author explores distributions and frequencies of those six process types and makes comparisons of distribution and frequency of each process types in patients’ and doctors’ utterance. The main findings are contributed to having a good understanding of rules of medical conversations for doctors and patients themselves, are also beneficial for successful communication and can provide some guidance for future studies on Chinese doctor-patient conversations from the viewpoint of transitivity analysis to some extent.更多还原