【作者】 王波；

【导师】 邹志荣；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 园艺（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 目前乐都长辣椒在栽培生产中存在着两大难题:品种退化和疫病。本研究通过一次单株选择的提纯复壮方法,来解决栽培生产中品种退化;通过统计嫁接成活率、砧木生长势及抗病能力、嫁接植株形态指标以及田间的抗病增产效果进行抗疫病砧木的筛选研究,来解决栽培生产中的疫病。研究结果如下:1.嫁接成活率:嫁接成活率表现为:y1>y11>y22>F2>y5;共生亲和力表现为:F2>y22>y11>y5>y1,说明嫁接成活率的高低,并不能代表其嫁接共生亲合力的高低,更应该看重后期的共生亲和力。2.砧木生长势及抗病性:砧木F2长势明显优于各砧木及对照,砧木y1、y5死株率分别为33%、27%,仅低于对照,相比较砧木y11、y22、F2抗病性强。3.嫁接植株形态指标:苗期各处理差异不显著,但随着生长期推进,以砧木F2、y11的嫁接体植株长势均强于其他处理,通过株高、茎粗、叶片数的测定,表明通过嫁接株型变矮,叶片数多,分枝能力强,抗逆境能力有所提高。4.嫁接辣椒疫病发病情况:5个砧木嫁接苗疫病发病较轻,对照乐都长辣椒发病重,随着辣椒生长期的进行发病率在增加。各砧木的发病率在10%以内,而对照乐都长辣椒发病率达到55.5%,以砧木y22、F2、y11的嫁接苗控制疫病效果最好,将辣椒疫病的发病率控制到5%以下,充分体现砧木y22、F2、y11辣椒的抗疫病能力。5.嫁接植株前期产量:通过嫁接苗的小区平均对椒产量测定,由高到低依次为F2>y11>y22>自根苗>y5>y1,其中以F2、y11、y22的嫁接苗的小区平均对椒产量显著地高于自根苗,分别比自根苗高41.2%、34.6%、24.2%。6.综合所有因子,砧木F2、y11可作为乐都长辣椒嫁接的砧木品种。7.通过一次单株选择法株选了30个优良单株,然后分别留种,完成了提纯复壮的首要工作,为下一年的株系间鉴定做好准备。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are two big problems: varieties of degradation and disease in ledu long pepper cultivation production.This research method of purification and rejuvenation through a single plant selection,to solve the cultivated varieties of degradation in production;Through statistical survival rate,growth potential and the root resistance,grafting,and the field of plant morphological index of resistance to blight resistance increase yield of the stock selection study, to solve the cultivation in the production of disease.The results of the study as follows:1.Graft survival rate. Graft survival rate is shown as: y1 > y11 > y22 > F2 > y5; Symbiotic affinity is shown as: F2 > y22 > y11 > y5 > y1, accounting for that graft survival rate of high and low, does not represent the grafting affinity of symbiosis, grafting operation proficiency, management will affect the grafting survival rate after grafting method, grafting, so more should consider late symbiotic affinity.2.The scion growth potential and disease resistance. Looks like the root stock F2 is better than the stock and comparison, root stock y1, y5 death rates were 33%, 27%, just below comparison, comparing the root stock y11, y22, F2 have good disease resistance.3.Grafting plant morphological index determination. Each deal with no significant differences in seedling stage, but growing up with the propulsion, F2, y11 of grafted plants growing in the stock are stronger than the other, through the determination of plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, show that become short by grafting plant type, leaf number, branched, adversity resistance improved.4.Grafting capsicum engraftment to preceding pepper cultivation in the greenhouse, disease occurrence in hot pepper growing survey. 5 root stock grafting plague outbreak is lighter, contrast ledu long pepper heavy disease, with pepper growth period to carry on the incidence of a disease is on the rise. Rate within 10% of each stock and the controlled ledu long pepper incidence of 55.5%, with root stock y22, F2, y11 grafting disease control effect is best, the incidence of the pepper blight control below 5%, fully embodies the stock y22, F2, y11 have ability to resist disease.5.The grafted plant early production. Through grafting area determination of average yield of pepper, from high to low in turn is F2 > y11 > y22 > since the root > y5 > y1, among them with F2, y11, y22 grafting area average of pepper production was significantly higher than that of the seedling, respectively, 41.2%, 34.6%, 24.2% higher than the root.6.Integrated all factors, the stock of F2, y11 can be used as ledu long pepper the varieties of the root.7.Through an individual choice method screen 30 superior individual, then respectively stallion, completed a priority for the purification and rejuvenation, to prepare for the next year between the strain identification.更多还原