【作者】 王凯；

【导师】 房玉林；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 食品工程（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 陕西省关中地区降雨量在600~800mm之间,多集中于7~9月,与当地主栽葡萄品种户太八号、夏黑等的成熟期相重叠,从而导致葡萄真菌病害高发,严重降低了果实品质。本研究针对关中地区葡萄种植模式较为单一的现状,以该地区主栽品种户太八号为试材,综合考察其在避雨栽培条件下的生长及果实发育情况;以期为关中地区优质鲜食葡萄的高效生产模式的探索提供借鉴。本研究对西安地区露地栽培和避雨栽培两种模式下,户太八号葡萄的光合特性、叶幕微气候、果实发育、果实品质及抗氧化活性等进行了研究,主要结果如下:(1)避雨栽培会极显著削弱叶幕层光照强度,为常规栽培的68.71%。避雨栽培光合速率日平均降低了12.10%,叶绿素含量平均降低了5.57%。避雨栽培下叶幕层日平均温度提高1.68℃,日平均湿度降低了10.98%。(2)避雨栽培可提高葡萄果实含糖量,但差异不显著。而总酚、单宁、总花色苷的含量均低于常规栽培,且差异极显著。避雨栽培下户太八号葡萄采收时滴定酸含量量为3.28g/L,较常规栽培降低0.7g/L。避雨栽培下,葡萄果粒去皮硬度比常规栽培高13.56%,而带皮的果粒硬度与果梗拉力分别比常规栽培低7.04%、9.73%。(3)避雨栽培下葡萄的香气物质有32种,比常规栽培多5种,总含量比常规栽培高4.95%。避雨栽培会降低葡萄的抗氧化活性,对葡萄果皮的清除自由基能力影响差异显著,但对葡萄果肉的清除自由基能力影响差异不显著。(4)避雨栽培可有效的减少葡萄病害的发生。综上所述,避雨栽培在保证户太八号葡萄整体品质不降低的基础上,有效减少病害发生,且还可提高部分果实品质及外观品质,从而提高了户太八号葡萄的市场竞争力。因此,避雨栽培有利于发展高品质葡萄产品,且适合在陕西关中地区进行推广。更多还原

【Abstract】 The annual rainfall of Guanzhong area in Shaanxi province amounted 600-800 mm, whic h mostly concentrated from July to September. At the same time, the local grape major cultiva rs’ hutai8hao’ and ‘summer black’ was in the maturation process and too much rain would lead to a high incidence of fungal diseases on grape berry, which severely reduced fruit quality. Ac cording to the single mode of viticulture in Guanzhong area, this research conducted a compre hensive survey about the situation of vine growth and berry development under the condition of shelter. Hutai8 was the tested grape cultivar. The aim of this study was to provide reference for exploring the efficient high-quality table grape production patterns in Guanzhong area. Th is study researched the Photosynthesis Property, microclimate of Canopy, development of qua lity and antioxidant activity of grape berry in two mode of field and shelter viniculture.The result was as below:(1) Rain-shelter cultivation could significantly reduce the light intensity of canopy layer, only accounting for 68.71% of that in field mode. Daily average of photosynthetic rate in shelter mode reduced by 12.10% compared with field mode. Chlorophyll content reduced by 5.57% and average temperature of canopy layer increase 1.68 ℃ compared with that in field, while the daily average humidity decreased by 10.98%.(2) Rain-shelter cultivation can increase the sugar content of grape berry, but there was no significant difference. While the content of total phenolic, tannins and anthocyanins of grape berry were all lower than that conventional cultivation, furthermore the difference was significant. Content of acid was 3.28g/L at harvest and it was lower than that conventional cultivation by 0.7g/L. Under rain-shelter cultivation conditions, the hardness of peeled fruit was higher than that of conventional cultivation by 13.56%, while the fruit hardness without peeled and tension of stems were lower than that of conventional cultivation by 7.04% and 9.73% respectively.(3) Thirty-two kinds of aroma were detected in rain-shelter cultivation grapes, 5 kinds more than in conventional cultivation grapes. The total content was higher by 4.95% compared with conventional cultivation grapes.Rain-shelter cultivation reduced the antioxidant activity. Compared to conventional cultivation grapes, the free radical scavenging capacity of rain-shelter cultivation grapes had significantly different of grape skins but with no significantly different of grape pulp.(4) Rain-shelter cultivation can effectively reduce the occurrence of grape diseases.In summary, on the basis of the quality of Hutai 8 grape, rain-shelter cultivation can effectively reduce the occurrence of disease and can also improve some fruit quality and appearance quality, thereby increasing the market competitiveness of the Hutai 8 grape. Therefore, cultivation is conducive to the development of high-quality grape products, and suitable for the promotion in the Guanzhong area in Shaanxi.更多还原