【作者】 王莉莉；

【导师】 王立；

【作者基本信息】 大连大学 ， 中国语言文学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 中国古代文史中的报恩母题书写十分丰富,传递受恩必报的传统文化伦理观念,折射着不同社会、时代、阶层的文化心理内涵。而乞丐作为社会的最底层,有着悠久的历史,与文明社会形影相随,形成了一种特有的乞丐文化,并与报恩文化等联系互动,驱动着人们的行为,影响着人们的思想。清代乞丐报恩母题寄寓着文人对社会人生的强烈关注,折射了底层人民知恩图报、重视情义的平民精神,该研究对管窥世俗社会,洞察乞丐与社会、城市发展的关系,发现其文学和人类文化的价值有重要意义。但目前学界对这一专题研究较少,乞丐的正面形象研究及其社会文化内涵研究尚显单薄。本文立足于清代文史中乞丐报恩母题的具体研究,运用主题学的研究方法探讨清代文史中的乞丐报恩母题的施恩方式、报恩方式、恩报关系及其时代成因等,发掘其深厚的社会文化内涵,不断丰富报恩母题。本文分为引言、正文四章和结论六个部分。引言部分论述清代文史中乞丐报恩母题的研究目的和价值,梳理它的研究历史和现状,陈述本文的研究方法和基本思路。第一章分析清代文史中乞丐报恩母题的具体作品,通过比较分析得出施恩方式主要有救助、救命、知遇和养育四类。乞丐的报恩方式主要有以物相报、以礼相报、救助相报、特殊技艺相报、因孝行丐和娶嫁以报等。乞丐报恩呈现出报大于施、多种报恩方式相互交织的特点。第二章分析清代乞丐报恩母题的角色特点。有德之人乐善好施,通常也能得到乞丐的回报。施恩者的身份主要包括商人、医生和神仙等,报恩乞丐的身份主要有家道中落者、神仙、隐士等。清代施恩者和报恩乞丐的身份特点,折射了深刻的社会文化内涵和时代背景。第三章分析清代乞丐报恩母题的多重时代成因。一是儒、释、道宗教报恩思想根深蒂固,在清代呈现出“三教合一”的时代特点;二是清政府为了维护统治,在政治上、思想上实行推恩政策;三是乞丐报恩故事原型流传性及地域性特点;四是文人创作心理,一方面借乞丐报恩母题对民众进行劝善教化,另一方面表达文人的人生理想。第四章分析乞丐的生存哲学。乞丐的劣根性和“义气”使乞丐形象更加真实丰满,乞丐报恩母题实际上是以乞丐为代表的底层人民追求美好人性品德的心理平衡,是对现实生活人们美好品德的集中和概括。结论部分回顾本论文的主要研究内容以及写论文时的感悟。更多还原

【Abstract】 The motif of beggars’ gratitude in the ancient Chinese literature is very rich, reflecting the psychological connotations of different social,age,class and cultural. At the bottom of society,beggars had a long history,and formed an unique culture. It combined with the gratitude culture,affected people’s behaviors and thoughts. The motif was entrusted with the good wishes of improving the social and life. But now the academic research is less and the research about the beggars’ positive image is still thin. This paper is based on specific research of gratitude motif,trying to use the methods of thematology to analysis the way of help and gratitude,discovering its profound social and cultural connotations.This paper is mainly divided into five chapters,including the introduction,four main chapters and the conclusion. The introduction discusses the purpose and value of the beggars’ gratitude motif in Qing literature and history,and reviews the history and current status of its research,pointing out the basic ideas and research methods.The first chapter analyzes the specific works in the literature and history of Qing Dynasty.The way of favor consists of material help,saving life,helping his career and upbringing,and the repaying way includes rewards,propriety,saving life,special skills,filial piety and marriage.It reported a variety of ways to repay and intertwined characteristics.The second chapter analyses the characteristics of the helper and the beggar. The identity of people who helped the beggars are more special,like the virtuous person,businessmen,doctors,and immortals. The roles of beggars include people whose family was rich before,immortals and the hermits. Qing Beggars’ identity characteristics reflected the profound social and cultural meaning and historical background.The third chapter analyzes the multiple causes. First,the religious thought of beggars’ gratitude was deeply rooted. In the Qing Dynasty, "three religions in one" was the feature of the times. Second,the Qing government pushed the policy of gratitude culture. Third,the story of archetypes was widely spread. Fourth, the author’s creative psychology worked. On one hand, they hoped to bring people goodness enlightenment. On the other hand, they expressed their ideal of life.The fourth chapter analyzes the the survival philosophy of beggars. Anyway,beggar’s bad habits and loyalty make their image more truth. The motif of beggars’ gratitude expressed the psychological balance of pursuiting the humanity and moral of people.Finally,the conclusion review the contents and the focus of this paper,feels when writing this paper as well.更多还原