【作者】 王超；

【导师】 王振林； 杨洪宾；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 作物（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过统计分析济宁市自1967年来的秋冬气候变迁规律,结合多年生产实践经验和科学系统的试验制定了“鲁西南小麦冬前苗情评估体系与适宜指标”,提出了鲁西南冬小麦播期战略性调整方案,形成了有效的综合控旺体系。主要研究结果如下:1研究制定了“鲁西南小麦冬前苗情评估体系与适宜指标”,对旺长苗给予了明确的判定标准:普通麦田冬前亩总苗量67.2~72.4万,冬前亩三叶以上大蘖39.8~42.3万,冬前主茎叶龄5~6叶1心,最长叶片长度19.2~20.2 cm,最长叶鞘长度5.6~5.8cm,冬前单蘖次生根2.0条左右,冬前主茎幼穗分化期为单棱期~二棱初期(二棱中期及以后),超过此标准即为旺长,甚至严重旺长麦田2.通过适宜播期播量研究与大田生产验证,提出了鲁西南地区多穗型品种最佳播期为10月5日~10日,播量为70~100 kg/ha,大穗型品种最佳播期为10月8日~15日,播量110~130 kg/ha。对于在最佳播期内不具备播种条件的地块,坚持宜晚不宜早的原则,播种选择在10月15日以后播种,不宜在10月3日前播种3通过冬前喷施壮丰安、台式栽培、镇压和冬前深中耕可有效控制鲁西南地区小麦冬前旺长本文通过统计分析济宁市自1967年来的秋冬气候变迁规律,发现1987年以来冬季变暖趋势明显,冬前正积温日益偏多,小麦冬前旺长严重且旺长年份增多。为避免冬前旺长五大隐患,本研究结合多年生产实践经验和科学系统的试验制定了“鲁西南小麦冬前苗情评估体系与适宜指标”,提出了鲁西南“10月5日开耧,10月10日前后形成大溜,适宜结束时间10月15日结束早中茬”的播期战略性调整方案;建立了小麦冬前旺长预防体系,从源头上防治了冬前旺长。并根据不同化控措施和栽培措施对控旺的调控结果,形成了有效的综合控旺体系,对难以预防的旺长进行后续补救,实现了防控“双重保障”。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, we analysis the tendency of winter climate changes in jining since 1967 by statistical way. And, combining the experimental results with mang years of work experience in the production practice and scientific system, we presented the standardized protocols " the appropriate indicators of wheat before winter’s evaluation system of shandong province" for putting forward the strategic adjustment in winter wheat by sowing date in Shandong. A greater understanding of that information can provide a theoretical basis to restructure the tillers components to obtain the rational population structure of high-yield wheat. The main results were as follows:1. we presented the standardized protocols of vigorous growth of wheat in early wintet. the clear decision criteria follows: the mu total seedings of ordinary wheat field before winter were 67.2 ~ 72.4 ten thousand, as superior tiller group, which included main stem(0), the first primary tiller(I) and the second primary tiller(II) would metain the amount of 39.8 ~ 42.3 ten thousand. The main stem existed 5 ~ 6 leaves and 1 lobus cardiacus, the longest leaf was about 19.2-20.2 cm, blade length of sheathis 5.6 ~ 5.8 cm, rooting around 2.0 per single tillers before overwintering, Inflorescence differentiation period of main stem was between single ridge stage and 2 edges(mid rib and so on).2. we suggest the proper sowing time of multiple spike wheat is October 5th-10 th, sowing seeding is 70-100 kg ha-1; sowing date of large spike cultivar was October 8th-15 th, sowing seeding is 110-130 kg ha-1. If the conditions are not optimum for planting of plot, we should adhere to the principle of appropriate later than October 15 th.3. By proper agronomic measurement, just like spraying the FengAn, desktop cultivation, repression and deep intertillage can effectively control the vigorous growth of wneat before overwintering in southwest Shandong Provience.更多还原