【作者】 丁萌；

【导师】 吕明瑜；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 经济法学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 竞争和法治是我国社会主义市场经济的必然要求。党的十八届三中全会明确指出,“使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用。”党的十八届四中全会提出了全面依法治国的重大决定。文章对石油行业反垄断法适用问题进行研究是一个比较应景且前卫的话题。去年年底,被誉为“结构改革和全面依法治国”试金石的南北车合并的报告中指出,合并需要商务部和境外反垄断机构的批准。作为国有企业,主动接受反垄断审查对于石油行业的反垄断法适用具有重要的示范意义。2014年,国务院印发的《关于促进市场公平竞争维护市场正常秩序的若干意见》指出,改革市场准入制度,打破地区封锁和行业垄断,严厉惩处垄断行为,保障公平竞争。国家能源局发布的《能源监管行动计划(2014-2018年)》中提出,促进能源垄断环节公平公开。国资委把石油行业界定为特殊行业,认为其集自然垄断性、竞争性和公益性为一体。早在2009年,外商投资成品油的审批权已经下放至省级主管部门。在地方,民营加油站已不鲜见。从消费者角度看,对“三桶油”的垄断早已嗤之以鼻。在原油进口、海上开采、石油冶炼、成品油零售等环节正在逐步引入竞争。国家高度管制之下,虽然反垄断法适用空间狭小,但是不是没有空间。例如,在油田工程技术服务领域就处于相对市场化状态。随着我国大跨步进入“油气时代”,在我国能源体制的改革中,石油行业改革直接关系改革的成败。我国政府对石油行业的高度管制造成了“三桶油”在我国石油市场占95%份额。经济体制改革的滞后造成了产业政策长期优位于竞争政策,且我国《反垄断法》颁布较晚,实施面还很窄。《反垄断法》具有竞争、效率和公平的价值,致力于维护公平的竞争秩序,维护消费者的合法权益。“三桶油”自身具有先行者的优势,国家对其的授权是政府管制的体现。石油行业的发展遇到了竞争不充分以及政企不分等困境。世界上主要国家的石油行业都是以市场为基础,辅助以政府管制,其竞争政策发挥着重要作用。在考察国外和我国国情的基础之上,政府应该以市场为导向,放松管制,引入竞争,重视竞争政策,培养竞争文化推进《反垄断法》自身完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Competition and the rule of law is an inevitable requirement of the socialist market economy. Third Plenary Session of the Party’s eighteen clear that "make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources and better play the role of government." Party Fourth Plenary Session of eighteen major decisions proposed comprehensive rule of law. Articles for the oil industry to study the application of antitrust law is a relatively occasional and avant-garde topics.Late last year, known as "comprehensive structural reform and the rule of law," the touchstone of the north-south vehicle merger report, the merger requires the approval of the Ministry of Commerce and foreign antitrust agencies. As a state-owned enterprise, the initiative to accept anti-monopoly review of antitrust law applicable to the petroleum industry has an important demonstration of significance. 2014, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Promoting fair competition and maintain normal market order" that the market access system reform, break regional blockades and industry monopolies, monopolistic behavior severely punished to ensure fair competition. "Energy Regulatory Action Plan(2014- 2018)" published by the National Energy Board proposed to promote energy monopoly aspects of fair and open. SASAC the oil industry is defined as a special industry, that its collection of natural monopolies, competition and public as a whole. Early in 2009, the power to approve foreign investment in oil products has been delegated to the provincial authorities. Local, private stations is no longer uncommon. In 2014, the Kunming Intermediate People’s Court of "anti-monopoly law" as the basis for the Yunnan branch of Sinopec first instance verdict. From a consumer perspective, "three barrels of oil," the monopoly long nose. In crude oil imports, offshore exploration, oil refining, oil retail and other sectors are gradually introducing competition. Under the highly regulated countries, although Antitrust space is small, but not without space. For example, in oil field engineering and technical services in the field it is in relative market status.As China’s big step into the "Oil Age", in the reform of China’s energy system, the oil industry is directly related to the success of the reform of the reform. High degree of government regulation of the oil industry, resulting in a "three barrels of oil" in 95 percent of China’s oil market share. Economic reform lag caused by the industrial policy of long-term advantages for competition policy, and China’s "anti-monopoly law," the promulgation of late, very narrow implementation side. Value of "anti-monopoly law," a competitive, efficient and fair, committed to maintaining fair competition order, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers."Three barrels of oil" itself has first-mover advantage, authorized by the State is reflected in their government regulation. Development of the oil industry faced competition is not sufficient and rectitude other problems. The world’s major countries, the oil industry is market-based, aided by government regulation, the competition policy plays an important role. On the basis of study abroad and China’s national conditions above, the government should be market-oriented, deregulation, competition, emphasis on competition policies that foster a culture of competition to promote the "Antitrust Law" self improvement.更多还原