【作者】 王飞；

【导师】 郑志蕴；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 计算机软件与理论， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感网(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)综合了嵌入式系统,无线通信和现代网络等先进技术,目前已经成为研究的热点方向和领域。通过在监测区域内布置一定数量传感器节点进行信息采集,然后凭借自组织多跳通信的方式将采集到的信息发送给客户端,无线传感网实现了对监测区域温度、湿度等信息的采集和监控,已经被广泛应用于军事、医疗、工农业生产和环境保护等方面。基于无线传感网的自身特点,其路由技术与现有网络的路由技术相比有着较大不同。由于传感器节点能量有限,因此尽可能降低能耗,延长网络寿命成为无线传感网路由协议设计过程中关键的问题。本文通过总结前人的研究成果,结合距离梯度优化和能量感知的思想,提出了基于梯度的能量感知分簇拓扑算法(an Energy-aware Clustering Topology Algorithm based on Gradient for Wireless Sensor Networks,ECTAG算法)。ECTAG算法是一种以节点自身剩余能量和邻居节点平均剩余能量的比值为主要参数,以节点所处的距离梯度为优化参数进行簇头竞争和信息转发的分布式分簇拓扑算法。本文首先定义了网络和能量模型、变量和报文消息等参数,然后详细阐述算法实现流程,设计簇头竞争、节点入簇和转发树构建的策略。最后分别从理论计算和仿真分析的角度,对算法性能进行了证明。通过理论计算和仿真分析可知ECTAG算法保留了分布式算法响应速度快和易于扩展的优势,并且通过结合能量感知和梯度控制的思想,使得距离基站较近簇结构的规模小于远离基站的簇结构,优化了转发树的结构,解决了网络“热区”的问题,实现了各个簇头能量均衡消耗和网络寿命延长的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless Sensor Networks(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN) integrated embedded systems, wireless communications, modern networking and other advanced technology has become a hot research direction and areas. The information collected by arranging number of sensor nodes in the monitored area, then with the way of self-organizing and multi-hop communication methods sent to the client. Wireless Sensor Network can collect and monitor the information from the monitoring area such as temperature, humidity and so on, which has been widely used in military, medical, industrial, industrial and agricultural production, environmental protection and other fields.Based on its own characteristics, the routing technology of Wireless Sensor Network compared with the existing network routing technology are quite different. Since the energy of a sensor node is limited, so as far as possible to reduce energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime become the critical issue for designing the routing protocols of Wireless Sensor Network. This paper through summarizing the results of previous studies, integrating distance gradient optimization and energy-aware thoughts, proposed an Energy-aware Clustering Topology Algorithm based on Gradient for Wireless Sensor Networks.ECTAG algorithm is a distributed algorithm for cluster competition and information forwarded, which has the main parameters is the ratio of the residual energy of the node itself and the average residual energy of neighbor nodes, and the optimization parameters is the distance gradient of node. Firstly, this paper defines the network and energy model, variables and parameters such as packet messages, then expounds the algorithm implementation process in detail, is designed the strategies to compete head cluster node into the cluster and forwarding tree construction, finally, the performance of the algorithm is proved from the perspective of theoretical calculations and simulation analysis.By proving shows, ECTAG algorithm preserves the advantage of the distributed algorithm, which is fast response and easy to extend, and through the combining of energy-aware and gradient optimization ideas, makes the number of the cluster near the base station much less than that far away from it, optimizes the forwarding tree structure, solves the network “hot zone” problem, finally achieve the goal of balanced energy consumption of each cluster head and extend the network lifetime.更多还原