【作者】 崔晶晶；

【导师】 马智；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 工业催化， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 自1991年碳纳米管被发现以来，管状纳米材料一直都是研究的热点，在复合材料、储氢材料、电子器件、催化剂载体等诸多领域都有较广泛的应用。与其它类型的管状纳米材料相比，天然管状高岭土—埃洛石纳米管由于价格便宜，生物相容性好而受到人们的关注，常被用作药物缓释体、仿生智能材料和仿生反应器等。然而，我国天然管状高岭土储量有限，而价值低的片状煤系高岭土却储量很大，因此，考虑将片状煤系高岭土转化为价值高的管状高岭土将具有重要的意义。本课题组曾在制备天然管状高岭土—埃洛石的过程中，发现了一类新的管状高岭土，其结构类似与天然的埃洛石纳米管，并将其命名为“高岭土纳米管”。虽然曾对“高岭土纳米管”性能做过一些初步探索，但是对于其结构和性能并没有进行过系统的考察和研究。因此，本文以煤系高岭土为原料进行重复实验以制备高岭土纳米管，系统地研究制备条件和处理条件变化对产物的影响，并对高岭土纳米管的吸附脱硫性能进行综合地考察，为其在吸附脱硫领域的应用提供参考数据。经研究发现，通过插层法制备得到的高岭土纳米管内径为4~27nm，长度为0.1~0.5μm，长径比较大，均一性较好。而且，高岭土纳米管在高温和酸性的条件下具有很好的稳定性，在碱性条件下稳定性则较差。吸附脱硫测试的结果表明，高岭土纳米管在改性之前脱硫率仅为40.5%，经过改性之后的脱硫率有不同程度的提高。其中，高岭土纳米管在经过表面活性剂、高温和酸改性之后脱硫率分别提高19.8%、10.8%和11.9%，而经过煅烧和金属氧化物改性之后脱硫率则提高21%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since carbon nanotubes were discovered in1991, tubular nanomaterials havebeen hot spot and widely used in many research fields, such as composite materials,hydrogen storage materials, electronic devices, catalyst supports and so on. During tolow price and good biocompatibility compared with other types of tubularnanomaterials, natural tubular kaolin—halloysite nanotubes are usually used as drugrelease carriers, biomimetic smart materials, nano-reactors and so on. However,reserves of natural tubular kaolin are limited, while reserves of layered coal serieskaolin with low utilization are huge in our country. Therefore, it is important toconvert layered coal series kaolin into tubular kaolin with high utilization.Our research team found a new type of tubular kaolin in the process of preparingnatural tubular kaolin-halloysites, which are different from natural halloysitenanotubes and we named it “kaolin nanotubes”. Although we made some preliminaryexploration about their performance, but there have been not systematic researches ontheir structure and performance. Therefore, we repeat the experiment to preparingkaolin nanotubes based on coal series kaolin, study the effects of preparation andprocessing conditions on the products, and inspect their adsorption desulfurizationperformance systematically so that we can provide references for applications ofkaolin nanotubes in adsorption desulfurization field.It is found that the prepared kaolin nanotubes through intercalation have goodhomogeneity and big length-diameter ratio, while their inside diameters vary from4to27nm, widths vary from0.1to0.5μm. What’s more, kaolin nanotubes have goodstability under high temperature and acidic environment and poor stability in alkalineenvironment. The adsorption desulfurization test shows that the desulfurization rate ofkaolin nanotubes is40.5%before modification and it is improved after modification.The desulfurization rates of kaolin nanotubes with surfactant, high temperature andacid modification grows by19.8%,10.8%and11.9%, while it gets the biggestgrowth by21%with calcination and metal oxide modification.更多还原