【作者】 贺丛；

【导师】 邓立新； 李德印；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 兽医， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 在国家肉牛产业技术体系建设专项资金的支持下,本研究首先进行了河南省肉牛养殖现状调研,发现肉牛运输应激综合征是困扰河南肉牛业的一大难题,亟待研究解决。而后进行了河南省肉牛运输应激综合征发病状况调研,结果表明该病给河南肉牛业造成了相当大的损失。于是针对肉牛运输应激问题进行了抗应激实验,并对10批次发病牛作了肉牛运输应激综合征的诊断治疗实验,最后草拟了肉牛选购与运输指南。1河南省肉牛运输应激综合征发病状况调研在基础调研过程中发现,河南省规模肉牛养殖场大多是育肥场,从东北等地选购架子牛运回来育肥后出售。其中最大的问题就是运输应激综合征,犊牛从山东、吉林和内蒙等地区经长途运输到场后出现咳嗽、高烧、厌食数天、腹胀、下痢、生长速度减慢等,20多天才能恢复,有的死亡率能达到40%以上。笔者重点调查了省内6个牛场13批运输牛共计1113头,平均发病率达69.8%(最高100%、最低24%),淘汰死亡率为13.1%。由此造成相当大的损失,平均每运回一头牛就要损失60.45元,这仅包含死牛损失和治疗费用,尚未计因此造成掉膘和延缓长膘的损失。按全省年出栏肉牛460万头(2008),50%通过外调运输计算,每年因运输应激造成的直接经济损失达到13903.5万元。可见肉牛运输应激综合征是严重影响河南省肉牛业发展并造成巨大经济损失的罪魁祸首,亟待研究解决。2肉牛运输抗应激实验为探讨肉牛启运前进行抗应激处理对降低肉牛引入后发病的效果。对两批共99头牛分别进行启运前注射牛支原体灭活疫苗与盐酸氯丙嗪,途中运输时间分别为36小时与48小时,不给食物与饮水。牛运抵后继续观察35天,记录发病情况。结果两批对照牛的平均发病率为67%。小体重组(250-300kg)牛的发病率为90%(9/10)高于大体重组(300-350kg组和350-400kg组),后者的发病率为50%。虽然接种疫苗诱导产生了抗体,但接种应激加重了牛引入后发病。肌注盐酸氯丙嗪显著降低了发病率,其发病率为30%(9/30),而对照组为63%(19/30),且0.6mg/kg比0.3mg/kg效果更好。因此,启运前抗应激处理能显著降低牛引入后的发病率。3肉牛运输应激综合征诊断治疗实验通过对10批次共1362头经过长途运输后发生运输应激综合征的肉牛进行诊断确诊后,对病情过于严重而治疗无望的实施淘汰,留下治疗有望的进行对症治疗加抗生素疗法,并加强护理,明显降低了死亡率。10批次共1362头牛中,发病率69%、淘汰率9%、而治疗后的死亡率降低到4%,比未及时治疗或治疗不当的13.1%降低了约9个百分点。说明本研究中所用治疗方案得当,能够有效降低发病死亡率,尽管仍不能完全控制病情。通过本实验初步摸索出一套对发病牛的治疗方案:淘汰重病牛,提高免疫力,对症治疗加抗生素治疗,同时加强护理。4肉牛选购与运输指南草拟经过长时间的摸索和实验,在积累的经验基础上初步拟定了肉牛选购与运输指南,并已报送相关部门作为地方标准。此乃河南省首次拟定的相关地方标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 A series of surveys have had been carried out with the support of the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System. The results showed that there were several problems hindering the beef industry’s development in Henan province, one of the most important problems was transport stress syndrome of beef cattle, which resulted in considerable losses. In order to relieve transport stress syndrome of beef cattle, 10 cases of diagnosis and treatment experiments had been done on beef cattle, which suffered transport stress syndrome, the draft of cattle purchase and transportation guidelines had been drew up as well.1.Research on incidence of beef cattle transport stress syndrome in Henan ProvinceThe survey indicated that the scale beef farm are feedlot, which purchase feeder cattle from northeast of China and transport to their farm for fattening. This led to transport stress syndrome (cough, high fever, refuse to eat for several days, abdominal distension, diarrhea, stop growing or loss weight and so on ). In addition, the cattle needed more than 20 days to recover and the mortality could reach up to 40% in several cases . 13 cases of transportation and 1113 beef cattles in 6 farms had been investigated in Henan province, the results showed that the average incidence rate was 69.8% (the highest is 100% and the lowest is 24%), and the elimination of mortality rate was 13.1%, the average loss of shipping each cattle was 60.45 Yuan (including the loss of dead and treatment expense, not including body weight loss and stop delayed for growth ). Due to 4.6 million beef cattles were had slaughtered in 2008, and 50% have been transported from outside province , caused 139.035 million Yuan losses caused by transport stress syndrome. Therefor transport stress syndrome is the most serious reasons of beef industry loss in Henan province and some measures are were urgently needed to solve this problem .2. The experiment of anti-stress for transport stress syndrome in beef cattleIn order to research the effect of different treatments to resist stress before transport, 99 beef cattles which had been injected bovine mycoplasma inactivated vaccine and chlorpromazine hydrochloride before transport by two times. Then the cattle have had been involved for 36h and 48h’s transportation without food and water. Moreover to observed for 35 days after transportation and to recorded the incidence. The results showed that the average of incidence was 67% in both control groups , disease incidence rate was 90% among light weight group (250-300kg), and higher than the high groups (300-350kg and 350-400kg) which incidence rate was 50%. Though antibody had been induced after vaccination, the stress of vaccination increased the disease development. The incidence rate significantly reduced after intramuscular of chlorpromazine hydrochloride, the disease incidence were 63%(control group) and 30% (experimental group), moreover the effect of 0.6mg/kg for each beef cattle was much better than 0.3mg/kg. Therefor, resistanted the stress before transport can remarkably reduce the incidence after import.3. The experiment of diagnosis and treatment for transport stress syndrome in beef cattleA series measures had been carried out for 10 cases of 1362 cattle in total, which suffered from transport stress syndrome. Then eliminate the sever condition cattle ,certain treatment , antibiotic therapy and strengthen nurse care had been taken to the rest of beef cattle ,the result indicated that the elimination rate and disease incidence rate were 9% and 69%. Respectively, the mortality rate reduced to 4% after treatment, compare to those without treatment or with improper treatment (13.1%) decreased by 9%. Certain results have been achieved by treatment, but the disease could not be completely controlled. Though the experiment we attained a series of theories (elimination of serious cattle, enhance the immunity, symptomatic treatment plus antibiotic treatment, and strengthen nurse care) had been for improving the treatment.4.The experience and guidelines purchase and transportation for beef cattleThe experience and guidelines of beef cattle purchase and transportation had been accumulated and drew up, after a long period of exploration and experimentation. Furthermore, some guidelines had been submitted to the related department as local standards for the first time in Henan province.更多还原