【作者】 李旭；

【导师】 谢方平；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 我国的烟草栽培除小部分黄花烟和晒烟采用直播外,广大烟区都是育苗移栽。育苗的基本要求是适时育成数量充足且大小适宜的壮苗。烟苗质量的高低直接影响到烤烟生产的质量,传统的育苗方法费工、费时、种子用量大且成本较高。育苗盘育苗是将培养基质装入不同材料制成的不同规格的穴孔中,播入种子而培育苗木。育苗盘育苗可以不受环境影响,易于实现集约化育苗和机械化生产,具有效率高的优点。使得育苗周期缩短,产苗量高,节约种子,良种利用率高。育苗盘育苗技术适用范围很广,不仅在烟草育苗中可以使用,而且在花卉苗及蔬菜苗培育中也广泛应用。本文在国内外育苗生产线的研究基础上,对育苗生产线中的同步智能控制系统进行了研究：利用微控制器、步进电机、光电传感器和电磁离合器等控制和执行器件,实现育苗盘在育苗流水线上的无人操作,实现流水线上各环节即育苗盘分盘、铺基质、压穴、播种、覆基质、喷淋和叠盘等动作的自动响应,各装置的同步协调和流水线的智能控制。从而改善播种精度和不同品种的适应性,提高育苗的效率,减轻工人的劳动强度,为烟草集约化育苗研究打下基础。本文主要从以下方面展开相关研究：1.结合烟草育苗的农艺要求,对烟草育苗播种流水线的关键技术进行了研究,确定了流水线的组成并分析了各装置的机械结构及控制方法；在已有流水线的基础上设计了育苗盘自动分盘和叠盘装置,有效降低了劳动强度,提高了劳动效率。2.结合流水线上各装置的工作原理,对流水线同步智能控制系统的各模块硬件电路进行了设计。包括元器件的选型和相关参数的确定,并设计了基于Modbus协议的触摸屏通信系统,有效提高了控制系统的人机交互能力。3.在各模块硬件电路的设计基础上,进行了相应的程序设计,结合控制思路绘制了系统流程图和各模块子程序的流程图,以此为基础进行了相关程序设计。4.对流水线上各装置进行相关试验,验证各装置对于育苗盘运动的实时响应,装置和装置间的同步协调,及系统的智能控制。并引入了“一键控制”的思想,实现对流水线的傻瓜操作。通过对烟草育苗同步智能控制系统的研究,动态仿真,及系统硬件和软件的设计和试验,结果表明系统设计可行。对提高烟草育苗生产线的自动化、智能化水平有一定参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Apart from a small portion of makhorka and sun-cured tobacco adopt direct-seeding, the majority of tobacco planting areas are seedling transplantation in China’s tobacco cultivation. The basic requirement of the seedling is that timely bred in sufficient quantity and size suitable for strong seedling. The level of the tobacco seedling’s quality direct impact the quality of the production of flue-cured tobacco. The disadvantage of traditional seedling methods are laborious, time-consuming, the amount of seed and high cost. The seedling of nursery seedling plate can be subject to environmental impact, and can be easy to implement the intensive seedling production, at the same time can be mechanized production which has high efficiency. Making the seedling cycle shortened, higher seedling yield, seed cost and higher improved variety’s utilization.The technology of the seedling of nursery seedling plate is suitable in very large range, it not only can be used in tobacco grow seedlings, but also widely used in the cultivation of flowers and plants seedling and vegetable seedling.The study of the synchronous intelligent control system of the seedling production line has been carried out based on the study of the the seedling production line home and abroad. With the use of MCU, stepping motor, photoelectric sensor, electromagnetic clutch, the control system realized the seedling of nursery seedling plate on the entire pipeline unattended operation, it means that all aspects of the pipeline have automated and intelligent features. It has realized the purposes of the efficiency increasing, the seeding accuracy, the different species adaptability and the reduction of labor intensity. The main content we studied and results as following:1. Combined with the agronomic requirements of tobacco grow seedlings, analyzed the key technology of planting tobacco grow seedlings sowing pipeline. Determined the composition of the pipeline and described the structure and mechanical control methods for each device. Designed a float tray and automatic plate stacked disk device on the basis of the existing pipeline, which effectively reduced the labor intensity and enhanced labor efficiency.2. Combined with each device’s working principle on the pipeline, designed the hardware circuit for each module which include the selection of components and determine relevant parameters. And designed touch-screen communication system which based on Modbus protocol, which improved the man-machine interface of control system.3.On the basis of hardware circuit’s design, the program is developed in this paper, which includes system flowchart and subroutine flow chart of each module.4. The related device’s real-time response for the movement of float tray, and the simultaneously harmonize compensate between the devices, and intelligent control of system have been verified based on the experiment of each device on pipeline. And introduced the "one-button control" thought, realized the fool operation of the pipeline.Through the study of tobacco seedlings synchronization intelligent control system and dynamic simulation, and with the hardware and software design and commissioning, the results show that the system design is feasible. There is a certain practical value to improve the automation and intelligent level of the tobacco grow seedlings line.更多还原