【作者】 张晓；

【导师】 潘相阳；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以Sacks, Schegloff和Jefferson提出的话轮转换模型和国内外关于权势理论的阐述为理论基础，介绍了电视脱口秀节目的发展历程及国内外基于脱口秀节目的相关研究，选取汉语和英语两档匹配度比较高的电视脱口秀栏目《对话》和《与媒体见面》的各自十期节目进行录写，并用定性和定量的研究方法对主持人和嘉宾的对话进行分析。本研究从话轮转换角度讨论脱口秀节目中主持人与嘉宾之间的权势关系，对两档节目中谈话双方的权势关系进行比较讨论。研究发现，话轮构成方面，两档节目中的嘉宾和主持人的话轮大多数都是由句子构成的。在话轮转换策略方面，主持人最常用的是让出话轮，而嘉宾则最常用保持话轮策略。中美节目主持人在起始话轮和结束话轮方面拥有绝对的权势，而嘉宾则多处于被动地位，拥有有限程度的权势。美国电视主持人能相对较多地运用重叠和打断手段干预谈话，显示出其较大程度的权势性。在这一部分，美国电视嘉宾也通过执行较多的打断干预，呈现出比中国电视嘉宾更积极的话题参与性和主动性。相比而言，美国电视嘉宾因能较为主动的参与讨论并对主持人适时施加权势而拥有较大程度的权势力量。可见，电视谈话节目中的权势关系是动态的，权势不是绝对地被一方占有，主持人并非占有绝对权势。究其原因，这是因为谈话类节目这一机构赋予的权力使得主持人和嘉宾在其中的权力和地位不平等。中美主持人的性格特点，主持风格及节目制作人员对节目的要求等都是两者差异的重要原因。本文旨在探讨电视谈话节目中的权势关系在两种不同的语料中存在的特点和规律，从中发现异同点，以期对我国电视谈话节目的多元化发展起到一定的借鉴和推动作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis is based on the theoretical framework of turn-taking model putforward by Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson as well as relevant theories about powerand gives a brief introduction of the history of TV talk shows and relevant studiesboth at home and abroad. The study respectively selects five episodes of Chinese TVtalk show Dialogue and American TV talk show Meet the Press as the data sourcesbecause of the great similarities and high comparability between them and adopts aqualitative and quantitative research method to analyze dialogues between hosts andguests.The thesis studies the power relations between hosts and guests in the two talkshows from the perspective of turn-taking and compares them for similarities anddifferences. After the study we can see the turn-taking models shown in both the twotalk shows conform to the turn-taking model put forward by Sacks. Most of the turnsof hosts and guests are constituted by sentences. In terms of turn-taking strategies,interviewers employ the strategies of turn-yielding most, while interviewees employthe strategies of turn-holding most. Both Chinese and American show hosts haveabsolute power over their guests in initiating turns and terminating turns, while guestsare more passive and they have limited power. American TV host tends to have morepower than his Chinese counterpart by using interruptions and overlaps morefrequently. American guests are also more actively involved in the discussion andshow more power than Chinese guests in the way of using more interruptions andoverlaps. So we can see that power relations are dynamic and cannot be absolutelyheld by show host. It’s decided by the asymmetrical power between interviewer andinterviewees in the institutional talk. Besides that, personalities, hosting styles ofAmerican and Chinese hosts as well as cultural values greatly contribute to thedifferences.The study is aimed to figure out the similarities and differences between the twotalk shows and help promote multi-development of Chinese TV talk shows to a new level.更多还原