打工文学中农民形象研究

【作者】 王伟；

【导师】 和磊；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 打工文学是改革开放30年一个重要的文学现象，随着社会的发展，已经成为一种不可低估的文学写作。改革开放进入关键时期，我国城镇化水平不断提高，社会方方面面基本处于焦虑、矛盾、多元化状态，源于生活而来的打工文学，其刻画的农民形象成为反映时代变革的里程碑。在仔细阅读打工文学诸多小说、诗歌、散文作品后，本文将从社会文化批评的角度，结合现实生活中进城务工的农民，对他们的生存境遇、心理状态、文化环境加以梳理和阐释，也对打工文学的现实发展状况、农民形象的典型特征及其社会文化的价值展开探讨和研究。本文抓住打工文学中农民形象“身份焦虑”这一显著特征，对其进行了细致的分析和审视，通过这种典型形象的典型特征，能够从心理、社会两方面对照现实社会，阐述打工文学中农民形象在文学范畴的文化意义。绪论部分通过本选题的研究对象、研究的意义、研究的姿态与方法阐述了当下打工文学的概念界定，明确了本文研究的对象，肯定了研究的价值和意义，得出对打工文学作品的文化研究还有待于进一步探索和挖掘。本文第一章着手于打工文学兴起到发展的社会背景。从经济、教育、文化背景三方面入手，分析了打工文学产生的社会环境状态以及促发打工文学所产生的内外因，外因在于城乡一体化的经济发展和多元性的社会文化氛围，内因在于打工作家受教育水平的提高。本文第二章主要是阐述打工文学中农民的多元化形象。一方面有着“纪念碑”意义的农民形象，在现代化社会变革中，农民以传统乡土意识、主体意识、群体意识相融合的现代性形象，有着默默奉献、自信、有梦想、团结互助的精神品质，迈步于时代发展的道路上；另一方面带有封建文化思想及其世俗观念的农民形象。第三章主要是对打工文学中农民形象身份焦虑的探讨。抓住农民形象在社会文化中所特有的典型特征，通过对身份的诠释，概括分析了打工文学农民形象的身份焦虑现象的体现及其形成过程。其后分别用马斯洛需求层次学说和城乡二元社会结构作为心理学、社会学理论依据来透视农民身份焦虑背后的压力源问题和社会问题。第四章打工文学中农民形象的社会文化意义研究，打工文学作为新兴的文化现象，农民形象在社会文化的发展过程中有着极其丰富的文化含量和文化价值，除此之外，农民形象在当下多元融合、开放包容的社会时代，有着自我的觉醒意识，积极书写着打工者的人生经历，这对于社会的发展以及当代文学的发展都有着举足轻重的贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 Peasant-workers’ literature is an important literary phenomenon during the30years’ Reform and Opening up. With the development of society, it has become a kindof literary writing that should not be underestimated. As the Reform and Opening upentering the key period, our country urbanization level enhances unceasingly, andsocial aspects are basic in a state of anxiety, conflict and diversity. The image ofpeasant-workers described by the peasant-workers’ literature deriving from lifeexactly becomes the milestone that reflects the change of the Time. After readingpeasant-workers’ literature carefully, such as novel, poetry, prose and so on, this paperuses the point of the social and cultural criticism and combines the image ofpeasant-worker with the image in real life to tease and explain their livingcircumstances, psychological states and cultural environment, and the realitydevelopment of peasant-workers’ literature, peasant-workers’ image of the typicalfeatures and the value of social culture. The paper, grasping the key word “identityanxiety” that the image of peasant-workers in peasant-workers’ literature exists,carries on the detailed analysis and review. From characteristics of the typical image,the paper also controls social reality and elaborates the cultural significance ofliterature category for the image of peasant-workers in peasant-workers’ literaturefrom two aspects of psychological and social.The introduction part of the paper firstly illuminates the subject’s research object,the meaning of research and the attitude and methods of research, introducing thedefinition of peasant-workers’ literature in modern society, clearing the research objectof this paper, affirming the value and meaning of the study, and reaches that thecultural study of works has yet to be further explored and excavated.Chapter I is engaged in the peasant-workers’ literature’s social background fromrise to development. From the three aspects of economy, education and social culturebackground, this chapter analyzes the social environment condition and internal andexternal factors produced by the peasant-workers’ literature. The external cause is the diversity of social culture and the economic development of the integration of urbanand rural. The internal cause is the improvement of education level of the part-timewriter.Chapter II mainly elaborates the diversity image of peasant-workers inpeasant-workers’ literature. There is “monument” meaning on the one hand. In themodern social change, peasant-workers’ image renders modern image. With thetraditional local consciousness, subject consciousness, sense of community integration,for example quiet dedication, self-confidence, having dreams, the unity cooperation,they move to the era development road. Peasant-workers’ image on the other hand,with the feudal culture and its secular ideas.Chapter III focuses on the identity anxiety for the image of peasant-workers inpeasant-workers’ literature. Seizing the typical features peculiar to peasant-workers’image for the peasant-workers’ literature in social culture, noting the meaning ofidentity, summarizing the reflection of the identity anxiety phenomenon forpeasant-workers’ image in peasant-workers’ literature and its forming process, andalso separately use Mallow’s Need Hierarchy Theory and Urban and rural dual socialstructure as the basis of psychology and sociology to show the pressure sourceproblem and social problem.Chapter IV puts forward the Social cultural significance of the peasant-workers’image in peasant-workers’literature.The image of peasant-workers in peasant-workers’literature has a very rich cultural content and cultural value. Peasant-workers’ imagehas self awakening consciousness in the pluralistic integration, open and inclusivesociety and records the peasant-workers’ life experience, for the development ofsociety and the development of contemporary literature, it has an importantcontribution.更多还原