【作者】 张伟；

【导师】 滕树云；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 光学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 平行光照射下光栅在一定传输距离处形成的自成像现象称为光栅的泰伯效应。泰伯效应作为光栅衍射的重要光学现象，在如阵列照明、激光阵列锁定、信息编码等众多方面有着广泛应用。与此同时，相关的研究从经典光学拓展到了原子物理、波色-爱恩斯坦凝聚、波导光学、量子光学和非线性光学等研究领域，光栅的泰伯效应已成为电子显微技术和X射线衍射成像的重要手段。因此开展光栅泰伯效应的研究对于促进该效应的应用和不同学科交叉发展具有非常重要的科学意义和应用价值，它也因此而成为光学领域非常活跃的研究课题。通常光栅作为理想的周期衍射屏出现在相关的理论和应用研究中，然而光栅在实际制作中，尤其是较大尺寸的光栅，要做到各处均匀实属不易。此外在光栅的实际应用中由于光栅材料，光栅加载与固定、光栅自身重力等各种因素的影响，难以保证光栅是完全平坦的，实际使用的光栅往往要发生微小的弯曲，造成相关应用中的理论与实验间的偏差。因此研究弯曲光栅的泰伯效应对于正确评价光栅的平整度具有实际意义。此外，实验中理想的光栅泰伯像是在平行光入射的条件下获得的。当入射波前并非严格的平面波时，泰伯像必将出现相应的畸变。这便是光栅泰伯效应可用于波前传感中的原因。鉴于此本文围绕非平面波入射条件下光栅的泰伯效应、弯曲光栅的泰伯效应以及泰伯效应在运动物体信息提取中的应用等方面开展相关的研究，具体内容分为五章。第一章介绍了光栅、光栅的衍射与泰伯效应。第二章分析了平行光斜入射和球面波入射条件下光栅的泰伯效应，给出了光栅泰伯像与入射条件的演化关系，为利用光栅泰伯像的变化提取光源的相位信息提供了理论依据。第三章研究了弯曲光栅的泰伯效应，分析了沿抛物柱面、圆柱面和椭圆柱面弯曲的光栅泰伯像随形变的演化机理，并对光栅弯曲引起的畸变泰伯像进行了实验验证。第四章研究了基于光栅泰伯效应的运动相位物体的信息提取，以游动的小鱼和移动碎玻璃为例展现了光栅泰伯效应在波前传感中的应用。最后是本文的结论和展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 When a grating is illuminated a parallel light, its self-images appear at somecertain distances behind grating. This is the so-called Talbot effect. As an significantoptical phenomenon of grating diffraction, Talbot effect has been widely applied inmany aspects, such as the array illumination, the laser array phase locking,information coding, etc. Moreover, the related researches have extended from theclassical optics into other research fields such as atomic optics, Bose-Einsteincondensation, optical waveguide, quantum optics and nonlinear optics. Talbot effectof grating has become an important technique in electron microscopy and X-raydiffraction imaging. Therefore, it has very important scientific significance andapplication value to carry out the research on Talbot effect of grating for promotingthe applications of Talbot effect and the cross development of different disciplines.And that is the reason why it becomes a very active research topic in the field ofoptics.Usually, the grating appears in the related theoretical and applied research as anideal periodic diffraction screen. However, in the actual production of the gratingespecially with large size, it is difficult to achieve a uniform grating everywhere.Moreover, because of grating material, grating fixedness, grating gravity and othervarious factors, it is difficult to guarantee that grating is perfectly flat in the practicalapplication of grating. The un-flatness of the actual grating can cause the deviation ofexperiment results from the theoretical ones. Therefore, it has practical significance tostudy Talbot effect of curved grating for the correct evaluation of the flatness ofgrating. In addition, with comparison to the ideal Talbot image of grating obtainedunder illumination of parallel light, Talbot image of grating illuminated by thenon-perfect parallel light must appear the distortion. This is the reason that Talboteffect can be used in the wave-front sensing.This paper focuses on the studies about Talbot effect of the grating illuminatedobliquely with the incident wave, Talbot effect of curved grating and the applicationof Talbot effect in extracting the information of moving objects, and the specific content is divided into five chapters. The first chapter introduces the diffractionof grating and Talbot effect of the grating. The second chapter analyzes Talbot effectof grating with parallel light oblique incidence and spherical wave incidence. Theevolution rule of Talbot image with incident conditions provides a theoretical basis forthe extraction of phase information of light source on basis of Talbot image of grating.Talbot effect of curved effect is studied in the third chapter. The evolution mechanismof Talbot imaging of the curved gratings is presented by choosing parabolic cylinder,cylinder and elliptic cylindrical as examples. And the distortion caused by the curve ofgrating is verified by experimental measurements. The fourth chapter studies themodulation diffraction of grating by inserting the moving phase object and presentsthe extraction method of the information of the moving phase object based on Talboteffect. The swimming fish and the moving broken glass are chosen as examples toshow again the application of Talbot effect in the wave-front sensing. Finally, theconclusion this paper and the prospect of following work are given.更多还原