【作者】 王莹；

【导师】 仲小敏；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 教育（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 自然地理规律反映了自然地理事物发展的本质联系和必然趋势。在高中地理课程知识结构中,地理规律属于地理原理类理性知识。基于地理学兼有自然科学和人文科学的学科性质,地理因子庞杂繁多,时空尺度多维变化,使得地理规律具有一般性和例外性的特点。随着高中地理课程标准和高考地理的深入改革,地理课程对学习者阐明、分析、探究地理规律等方面都提出了较高要求。但在实际的地理课堂上,教师对自然地理规律的例外性关注较少,学习者理解和应用自然地理规律的能力较低。这些问题使高中地理知识应该具有的深度和难度被降低,也使学习者在理解地理规律时存在颇多疑惑,从而影响对地理事物的正确认识。为使学习者能全面理解地理规律,本文提出“高中自然地理规律的教学策略研究”。通过梳理国内外学者关于地理规律一般性和例外性的相关理论为研究基础,对高中自然地理规律的三种基本类型：地理事物分布规律、演变规律和关联规律,结合近几年相关高考试题,分析其“一般”和“例外”之间的辩证关系在试题中的体现。并对天津市近300名高中学生和天津市高中地理教师进行问卷调查,了解学习者对高中自然地理规律的认知和学习方法情况,教师在自然地理规律教学中常用教学方法和常见问题。从而提出高中自然地理规律教学策略：①分析自然地理规律时需要界定不同等级的时空尺度；②地理模式图与案例分析相结合的方法形成地理规律；③从地理环境整体性分析规律成因；④注重并及时评价学生对地理规律的表述。更多还原

【Abstract】 Physical geographical law reflects the essence of physical geographical things and the inevitable trend. In the curriculum knowledge structure of the senior school, geographical law belongs to the principle of rational knowledge. Due to the properties of geography subject that across natural science and humanities, the geography factor is various, and the geographical space and time scale have multidimensional changes. So the geographical principles have the characteristics that there are many general rules and exceptions at the same time. With the senior school geography curriculum standard and the reform of geography is deepening, university entrance exam put forward higher requirements for learners to clarify and analysis the geographical law. While the teacher pays less attention to the law of natural geographical exception features in the actual geography class. And learners has low ability to understand the application of natural geography. These problems make the senior school geography knowledge that should have depth and difficulty is reduced. Meanwhile, These problems also make the learners have a lot of confusion on the geographical law, which affects the learners understand the geographical law correctly.To enable learners to understand the geographical regularity fully, this paper puts forward "the natural law of geography teaching strategy research of senior school". By combing the domestic and foreign scholars about the geographical law general rule and the related theory of exceptional phenomenon as the research basis. Combining the relevant test in recent years, this paper analyze the dialectical relationship between general law and the exception of the law that with regularity of three basic types law:the geographical distribution law and evolution rule law and association rule. To understand the situation of cognition with the geographical law and the learning methods of the learners in senior school and the teaching methods commonly used in natural geography law and the problems teachers encountered, nearly300high school students and80geography teachers in Tianjin senior school as the investigation object of questionnaire survey. Through the investigation and analysis the questionnaire survey, the paper put forward some strategies for the law of natural geography teaching:define natural geographical regularity of space and time scales; eographic model with case analysis method of combining the geographical law; from the geographical environment integrity analysis law origin; pay attention to evaluate students of geography and timely regular expression.in order to teachers in the regulation of natural geography teaching in the future to provide the reference.更多还原