【作者】 程鹏；

【导师】 李志军；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 港口、海岸及近海工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 海冰作为一种广泛存在于自然界的物质,在很多领域发挥着重要的作用。海冰具有高反照率和低热传导率,很大程度上阻隔海洋和大气热交换,在气候方面产生影响；海冰在冻结过程中析出卤素,增加海水盐度,在消融时,又稀释了海水,在大范围内改变海洋的盐度结构。南极是全球大气冷源,海冰作为南极的主要生冷物质,在全球气候变化中发挥关键作用,了解南极海冰的基本参数,如冰厚、密集度、分布范围、浮冰尺寸等有助于认识海冰在气候方面的贡献。以中国29次南极科学考察为基础,于2012年11月底至2013年2月初期间,利用“雪龙号”科考船先后两次进入普里兹湾的机会,借助CCD海冰厚度监测方法对海冰厚度和积雪厚度进行三个航次走航观测,参照ASPeCt海冰观测建议,完成了两个航次的海冰走航目测,并对中山站附近固定冰实施物理综合测量。本文主要工作包括：首先,对考察船所经过的位置进行气象数据测量,包括海冰／水皮温,气温和风速走航测量,分析各参数的随空间位置的变化特点。其次,对位于南极中山站附近海域的固定冰进行冰物理综合测量,包括固定冰垂直方向温度、盐度和密度分布,分析融冰期海冰温度、盐度和密度剖面分布和变化特征。再次,利用船侧CCD海冰厚度监测技术,对普里兹湾海冰和积雪厚度进行走航观测,论述了浮冰区和固定冰区冰厚和积雪厚度空间分布特点,对比两者的不同点,分析了造成两者不同特征的原因；论述了海冰厚度和积雪厚度随时间变化特征。最后,参考ASPeCt海冰观测建议,对考察船航线周围的海冰观测,包括海冰类型、密集度、厚度、浮冰尺寸等；总结了夏季浮冰区浮冰密集度和尺寸在空间上分布特点,不同冰龄的浮冰分布特点,分析了造成该特殊分布方式的原因；结合普里兹湾海域的外界环境因素,对比两个航次观测的结果,揭示了夏季浮冰的消融方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a kind of material which spread widely in the nature, sea ice play an important role in many fields. Owing to the high albedo and low thermal conductivity, sea ice can insulate the heat exchange between the ocean and atmosphere to some degree, and affect the climate; freeze and thaw processes of sea ice increase and dilute sea water salinity, respectively, this phenomenon can change salinity structure in a large scale. Antarctic is the cold source of the global atmosphere, as the main cold material in Antarctic, sea ice play a key part in global climate change. Knowing basic parameter of sea ice, such as thickness, ice concentration, ice extent and floe size, will help us to get a better understanding of the contribution of sea ice in climate.During the29th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, the R.V. Xuelong entranced the Prydz Bay twice from late Nov,2012to the early Feb,2013. Three ship-based CCD camera method observations were conducted to obtain ice and snow thicknesses; two ship-based visual inspections were conducted as the ASPeCt program suggested; in addition, physical characteristic measurement were carried out in the fast ice zone off Zhongshan Station.The main work in this paper are as fellows. Firstly, sea ice/water surface temperature, air temperature and wind speed in the cruise tracks were measured, changing characteristics of these parameters with time has been explored. Secondly, vertical temperature, salinity and density of fast ice off Zhongshan Station were measured, ice temperature, salinity and density profile and their variations during the melting period were analysed. Thirdly, sea ice and snow thickness in the Prydz Bay were measured by ship-based CCD camera method, thickness spatial distributional characteristics in pack ice zone and fast ice zone have been evaluated; by comparing their different points, the cause of different features were revealed. Lastly, according to ASPeCt program, sea ice parameters such as thickness, ice concentration, ice extent and floe size were estimated by visual inspection, summer pack ice concentration and size spatial distributional characteristics as well as distribution characteristics of ice in different age were summarized, the cause of the special distribution were uncovered; by comparing the result from two observations, in combine with external environment factors from the Prydz Bay, the melt pattern of summer pack ice were presented.更多还原