【作者】 张振；

【导师】 李和平； 孟益平；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 固体力学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 爆破技术不只是被用于开山采矿业，同样在隧道、地铁、公路、大坝等土木工程项目中得到广泛应用。我国的铁路交通事业发展越来越快，城市轨道交通已然成为大城市的发展趋势。从工艺技术和经济技术两方面考虑，硬岩地区地铁隧道开挖选择钻爆法开挖最为合理，但是隧道爆破产生的地震效应会对地表建筑造成危害。因此，正确处理爆破震动控制与工程效率之间的矛盾，己成为隧道爆破施工的关键问题之一。本文依托青岛地铁青岛火车站至人民会堂站下穿文保建筑群隧道掘进爆破工程为背景。青人区间上方两侧保存了大量德占时期的文保建筑，历史大多是在一百年左右。这些文保建筑大都年久失修，抗震等级低，因此对爆破震动控制要求较为严格。通过理论分析与现场试验相结合，对现场监测数据进行分析，不断修改爆破参数，制定合理安全的爆破计划，以确保地铁隧道安全下穿文保建筑群。在大量爆破试验和监测数据的基础上，结合数值模拟研究爆破地震波衰减规律及综合减震措施的减震效果，主要进行了以下几个方面工作：(1)对这些文保建筑进行鉴定评估，根据国内外爆破震动控制安全标准，结合青岛实际施工环境，制定相应的爆破振速安全标准；(2)进行现场爆破振动测试，并实时监测地表振动速度。对监测数据进行回归分析，得出青人区间隧道岩层的萨道夫斯基公式的K、 α值，得到隧道开挖过程中爆破震动在岩层中的传播规律；(3)为确保隧道安全下穿文保建筑群，通过现场试验确定合理的减震爆破方法，并在实际下穿文保建筑时，认真做好地面振动速度数据的实时监测；(4)采用显式动力分析有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D对实际隧道爆破工程中的掏槽及周围掌子面爆破进行数值模拟，进行爆破振动速度的时程分析，评价爆破方案的安全性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Blasting Technology is not just used for mining industry, but also widely used intunnels, subways, highways, dams and other civil engineering projects. With thevigorous development of China’s railway transport services, more and more shallowtunnel projects born in big city. In consideration of both process technology andeconomic technology, blasting is the most suitable method for metro tunnelexcavation in hard rock region. But blasting vibration effect do a lot of damage to thesafety of ground building. How to reduce the blasting vibration as well as how toproperly handle the conflict has become one of the key issues in tunnel blasting.This paper puts blasting excavation of Qingdao metro tunnel under-traversing thehistorical buildings between Railway Station and People’s Hall as project background.There are many German unhistorical buildings that almost one hundred years betweentwo stations.Most of these unhistorical buildings fell into disrepair, and seismic level is low, sothe blasting vibration control requirements are more stringent. Through thecombination of theoretical analysis and field test, then according to the monitoringdata analysis, constantly modify blasting parameters, establish reasonable and safetyblasting plan, ensure the safety of unhistorical buildings when the subway tunnelsbeneath them. Based on a lot of blasting vibration monitoring and test data, itresearches wave attenuation rules and integrated shock damping effect measures ofblasting seismic, mainly research aspects as following:(1) Assessed these unhistorical buildings，then formulate safety standards ofblasting vibration velocity that applicable to the construction environment in Qingdao,according to the blasting vibration control at home and abroad;(2) Do the blasting vibration test, and monitoring the ground vibration velocityall the time. Regression analysis of monitoring data, calculated Sadov’s VibrationFormula modulus K、α of rock formations of the tunnel and the blasting vibrationpropagation rule in rock;(3) By doing field tests to determine a reasonable damping method, and seriouslydo real-time monitoring of ground vibration velocity, ensure the safety of unhistoricalbuildings when tunnel across the them;(4) This article employs the explicit dynamic finite element softwareANSYS/LS-DYNA to simulated the practical construction process of cut blasting，and do the time history analysis of blasting vibration velocity and evaluate the safety ofblasting scheme.更多还原