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20000A数控电解加工机床PLC控制系统的研制
Development of PLC Control System for20000A ECM Machine
【作者】 陈辉；
【导师】 陈远龙；
【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2014， 硕士
【摘要】 电解加工是特种加工中的一个重要的分支，适用于高强度、高硬度、高韧性等难加工材料和复杂型面、型腔、薄壁零件以及异形孔的加工。本项目所设计的20000A数控电解加工机床主要用于加工航天发动机上的关键零部件-弯管。本课题的任务是研制出一种可靠性强、稳定性好、可以满足机床加工要求的PLC控制系统。所完成的具体工作如下：（1）基于对电解加工原理及特点、电解加工机床的充分了解，分析了机床的加工工艺流程，提出了机床的控制要求，确定了机床的总体控制方案；（2）根据机床的总体控制方案，进行了机床控制系统硬件部分的设计，包括硬件总体结构、硬件电路、电气柜的设计及硬件的选型与设置；（3）在完成机床控制系统硬件部分设计的基础上，进行了机床控制系统软件部分的设计，包括软件总体结构、梯形图、人机交互界面的设计；（4）在完成机床硬件、软件部分设计后，进行了机床控制系统的调试，包括硬件调试、软件调试及现场调试。该控制系统具有手动加工、自动加工、自动对刀、点动快动、欠压保护、断电保护等功能，并且通过工艺实验验证了该控制系统总体性能高、控制柔性强。
【Abstract】 Electrochemical machining is an important branch of Non-traditional machining,minly applicable to machine materials difficult to process, such as materials of highstrength, high hardness, high toughness and so on, as well as complex surface, cavity,part with thin wall and special-shaped hole. The20000A ECM machine in this subjectmainly used for machining of bend tube, which is one of the key parts on aerospaceengines.The task of this subject is to develop a kind of PLC control system of high reliability,good stability and can satisfy the processing requirements of machine tool. Thespecific work performed is as follows:(1) Based on thorough understanding of the principles and characteristics of ECM,as well as ECM machine, we put forward the control system requirement of themachine tool, determined the overall control scheme of machine tool.(2) Conducted part of the machine control system hardware design, including theoverall structure of the hardware, the hardware circuit, the design of electrical cabinetand hardware selection and setup.(3) Conducted part of the machine control system software design, including thesoftware overall structure, the ladder program, the interactive interface design.(4) Debugged machine control system, including hardware debugging, softwaredebugging and on-site commissioning.The control system has the ability of manual processing, automatic processing,automatic knife, fast moving, under-voltage protection, under-voltage protection andso on, and through the process of experiment verifies the high performance and strongcontrol flexible of the control system.