【作者】 刘勇；

【导师】 赵鸿君；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁中医药大学 ， 中医医史文献， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 从《礼记》、《仪礼》、《春秋公羊传》、《春秋谷梁传》四部儒家经典的病症名词入手进行系统研究，可以为先秦时期古代文献中医专业名词研究增加一些新内容，对于探讨先秦时期疾病病因分类，进而对现代中医药名词术语规范化研究提供有益的借鉴。本研究主要借鉴了传统的训诂学方法，考证病症名词的字形、含义、音韵，运用了逻辑学的方法，如比较、分类、归纳、统计。探讨了35个病症名词在《礼记》等四部经典，《五十二病方》等简帛医书，《黄帝内经》中的使用情况。通过研究确定在这35个病症名词中，词义未变的有11个：咳、痒、侏儒、瘖、聋、嚏、疫、固疾、锢疾、伛、偻。词义转移的有4个：毁、毁瘠、苛、秃。词义消亡的有11个：殇、殰、殈、断、隐疾、痍、负茲、輙、綦、踂、辄。词义扩大的有2个：噫、鼽。出现替代词的7个：疥、丧明、哕、废疾、尪、躃、怴。在病因方面，四部经典、简帛医书、《内经》对病因解释明显不同。如“鼽”，四部经典认为病因是政令与节令的违逆，有天人感应的色彩；简帛医书认为病因是经脉所生病；《内经》认为病因是外感寒邪、热邪。四部经典认识到情志因素是致病的重要因素，在《礼记》中就多次提出情志致病的情况，如过悲导致丧明、毁、毁瘠，这与中医强调情志调节是一致的。简帛医书已从经脉方面认识疾病，《足臂十一脉灸经》、《阴阳十一脉灸经》较为典型。《内经》已从外感、内伤、过劳、饮食等方面进行了病因阐释，较为丰富、全面。通过研究得出四条结论：一是病症名词用词精当紧扣疾病本质，35个病症名词中单音节词有27个，占78%；二是病症名词主要是对体征、症状的概括和抽象，35个病症名词中有20个是以具体的病理改变或是体征、症状加以命名的；三是天人合一观念被用来解释病因；四是反映出当时人们对疾病畏惧或嫌恶的心理。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the "Book of Rites","Ritual"," Spring and Autumn Biography by Gongyang","Spring and Autumn biography by Guliang", four Confucian classic symptoms of nouns werestudied for the pre Qin period, some new content in the research of ancient literature of TCMnouns, for discussion of pre Qin period disease classification, provide the beneficial referenceand research modern Chinese medicine terminology standardization.This research mainly from the traditional exegetics, textual terms of illness, meaning,phonological form, using logic methods, such as comparison, induction, statistics,classification. Discusses35terms of illness in the "book of Rites" and so on four classic,"fifty-two illness" and other disease silk books, use by " Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon ".Identified in the35terms of illness through research, meaning unchanged11: Cough,Itch, Dwarf, Suffer aphonia, deafness, sneezing, Plague, Chronic disease, Rickets. Semanticshift4: Hui(Grief and thin), Huiji(Grief and thin), He(disease), Bald. The meaning of thedemise of the11: Shang(Death before the age of20), Du(Oviparous animal Infant death),Xu(Viviparous animal Infant death), Duan(Injury of limb), Yinji(The disease taboo said),Arrows, Fuzi(The disease taboo said), Zhe(Can not walk), Qi(Can not walk), Nie(Can notwalk), Zhe(Can not walk). Extension of meaning has2: Yi(Belching), Qiu(Nasal congestion).There are7alternative word: Jie(Scabies), Sangming(Blindness), Yue(Hiccup),Feiji(Disability), Wang(Skeletal malformations), Bi(lame in both legs), Xue(Mad).The cause, four classic, bamboo and silk books," Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon " toexplain different etiology. Such as " Qiu(Nasal congestion)", four classic that cause is decreeand seasonal violation, a man of the color sensor; bamboo and silk books that the cause is thesick meridian;" Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon " think the cause is exogenous cold, heat evil.Four classic recognize emotional factors are the important pathogenic factors, the emotionalpathopoiesis situation many times in the "Book of Rites", such as too sad accounted, destroy, destroy the barren, and the Chinese medicine emphasizes the emotional adjustment isconsistent. Silk books from the meridian understanding disease," Eleven meridians on footand arm by Moxibustion","Yin Yang Eleven meridians by Moxibustion" typical. The book"Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon " from the external, internal injury, overwork, diet and otheraspects of the etiological explanation, more abundant, comprehensive.ConclusionThe research gets four conclusions:1. These terms of illness wording precise and appropriate description of the nature ofdisease. Monosyllabic words35terms of illness in27, accounting for78%.2. These terms of illness mainly on the signs and symptoms of generalization andabstraction. The35terms of illness in20is the pathological changes of specific or signs,symptoms will be named.3. The conception which correspondence between human and nature was being toexplain cause of disease.4. It has reflected the people’s fear and loathing of the disease.更多还原