【作者】 李洁；

【导师】 朱彤；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 化工过程机械， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市污水处理厂及城镇污水处理设施的大量建设,我国水体污染得到了有效控制,但与此同时,污水处理带来了大量剩余污泥。剩余污泥若不加以处理任意排放和投弃,将会对环境造成严重的污染。剩余污泥减量化、资源化利用是有效处置剩余污泥的发展方向。本文利用球磨法破解剩余污泥,在机械剪切力、磨珠之间的碰撞力及摩擦滚压作用下改变污泥特性,使污泥絮体结构发生变化。污泥胞内物质溶出进入液相,不但可以减少污泥固体量,更主要的是促进污泥厌氧处理工艺中的厌氧消化速度,为剩余污泥减量化和资源化创造有利先决条件。球磨法破解剩余污泥实验中采用的实验装置为球磨搅拌机,磨珠材料选择玻璃珠。实验内容分为两个部分,第一部分改变实验中添加的磨珠体积,在不同的破解时间下,分析球磨法破解剩余污泥的效果。第二部分改变实验中添加的磨珠粒径,随时间改变分析球磨破解效果。通过检测破解后污泥的上清液中的核酸、溶解性化学需氧量(Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand,SCOD)、蛋白质(Protein)、总氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)、总磷(Total Phosphorus,TP)、氨氮(Ammonia Nitrogen,NH4+-N)及粒度分布等参数变化以及光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜等微观图像分析,可得到实验结论为：(1)球磨法破解剩余污泥有较好的破解效果。(2)测得的SCOD, TN, TP,核酸等浓度有显著的增加,并且呈现一定规律的增长。(3)由第一部分实验数据可知,当添加的磨珠体积占总体积的20%,破解时间为30分钟时,球磨法破解效果最好。(4)由第二部分实验数据可知,当添加的磨珠粒径为混合粒径,球磨法破解效果最好。(5)通过粒径分析可知,污泥粒径有逐渐变小的趋势。(6)通过光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜的图像可直观观察到污泥絮体被打破,在破解30分钟后污泥呈分散状态,同时污泥细胞壁被打碎,大量细胞质流出。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the construction of waste water treatment plants, water pollution was effectively controlled in China. But at the same time, a large amount of residual activated sludge occurred. The residual activated sludge without dispasal would produce serious environmental problems. The minimization and resource utilization of the residual activated sludge is the development trend of the residual activated sludge disposal. In this paper, the ball mills method is used to disintegrate the excess sludge of urban sewage, under the action of mechanical shear power and the collision of abrasive matter, which can destroy structure of the sludge and cell wall. The method can not only reduce the sludge solid capacity, promote follow-up sludge digestion rate, but also improve the sludge dewatering effects, which provide prerequisites for the final disposition of excess sludge.The disintegration device in the experiment of ball mills method is ball mill mixer, with glass beads as abrasive material. The content of the experiment can be divided into two parts: First part, change the mill bead volume, in the different disintegration time, do some analysis. Second, change the mill bead size, and it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the effect.The test items include pH, particle size distribution of excess sludge, and nucleic acid, Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus, Ammonia Nitrogen density of sludge supernate after disintegration, and finally scan sludge with microscope and electron microscopic, the main conclusions can be obtained as follows:(1) Ball mills method has the best effect on residual sludge.(2)The concentration of SCOD, TN, TP has increased obviously.(3)According to the first part,when mill bead volume occupy20%of all tatal volume, after30minutes, ball mills method works best.(4)It is very best that when mill bead size is hybrid particle size.(5) Through particle size analysis, the size of sludge has change smaller gradually.(6) Through the optical microscope and the transmission electron microscopy that I can see sludge flocculent body is broken. The sludge is dispersed in30minutes, at the same time that the cell wall is broken, a lot of cytoplasm runs off.更多还原