【作者】 王旭；

【导师】 于晓言；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 作为语篇研究的领域之一,批评性话语分析强调关于社会语篇的批评性研究,尤其是对公众演讲、媒体广告和新闻语篇等公众语篇的批评性分析。由于新闻语篇是大众传媒的主要手段,如今,人们越来越关注新闻语篇。批评性话语分析可以有效的帮助大众不受新闻语篇的操纵。根据批评性话语分析理论,新闻机构服务于某种特定权力和意识形态,而非像他们鼓吹的那样公正客观。这一点是值得大家特别关注的。因此,揭露这种非文学语篇背后隐秘的权力和意识应是重中之重。本研究基于批评性话语分析的理论框架,旨在对从《中国日报》和《华盛顿邮报》选出的20篇关于克里米亚危机的报导进行批评性分析。本文的目的是回答以下问题：(1)在《中国日报》和《华盛顿邮报》的新闻报导中,中美对俄方的词汇分类有哪些特点?(2)两个报纸中的新闻来源,报道方式和情态动词的使用有哪些特点?(3)《中国日报》和《华盛顿邮报》对俄乌克里米亚危机的新闻报导是否公正客观?如果报导不公正,新闻语篇中包含什么意识和目的?基于费尔克劳夫的三维分析模式和韩礼德的系统功能语法,本文从《中国日报》和《华盛顿邮报》两家新闻报纸中分别选取了10篇关于克里米亚危机的英文报导进行对比研究。分析侧重于三个层次：a)在描述层面；通过及物性,词汇选择和情态,研究两家报纸的新闻语篇语言特点和概念意义的不同b)在阐释层面;从消息来源和转述方式两方面,研究两家报纸的新闻语篇互文性和人际含义的不同c)在解释层面,通过调查中美的社会、文化和政治语境,探讨了两家报纸新闻语篇的社会环境和语篇功能的不同,最后揭示隐藏于新闻语篇中的权力和意识形态。本文的结论主要包括两个方面：第一,虽然两个报纸有共同的语言特征,但特征的不同更加显而易见。在对俄方的词汇选择和及物性使用上,《中国日报》强调普京的防御本质,并把普京当作一个正常的总统；《华盛顿邮报》则强调普京的侵略本质,并把普京描述成像希特勒一样的霸权主义者。关于及物性的使用,《中国日报》在某种程度上比《华盛顿邮报》更公正,但同时,《中国日报》也并非绝对的公正。在新闻来源和话语转述上,《中国日报》显然引述了不同的新闻来源,包括中国、俄罗斯、美国和乌克兰当局的话,并将这些话以直接引语的形式呈现。《华盛顿邮报》更多侧重以直接引语的形式引述了国内当局和美国利益群体的话,包括欧盟和乌克兰当局的话。然而,《华盛顿邮报》采用间接引语的形式来报导俄罗斯的暴力言行。在情态方面,中美新闻媒体对情态动词的使用有所不同。《中国日报》使用中值情态动词表达中国温和的态度。《华盛顿邮报》使用高值情态动词传达美国咄咄逼人的语气。两家报纸语言特征不同的原因在于中美有不同的价值取向和政治立场。第二,《中国日报》和《华盛顿邮报》所传递的观点和态度反应了本国的意识形态。由于国家利益和意识背景的影响,两家报纸的报导都不是完全的客观和真实。本文的意义主要表现在两方面,从理论意义上来说,本研究再次证实了费尔克劳夫的三维分析模式和韩礼德的系统功能语法对于研究新闻语篇的适用性,并进一步揭示了新闻语篇的不公正性。从实际意义上来说,从批评性话语分析角度探索新闻语篇能够培养人们鉴别新闻的能力,帮助读者从新闻中获取真实的信息。再者,随着跨文化交流成为大势所趋,外国新闻语篇是中国教师和学生了解国外多彩世界的一扇窗,新闻语篇的批评性研究对教师教授外国语言和学生学习外国语言大有裨益。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a field in discourse study, critical discourse analysis focuses on the critical researches of social discourses, especially of public discourses such as public speeches, advertisements as well as news discourse etc. Nowadays, people begin to pay increasingly attention to news discourse since news discourse is a primary method in mass media. CDA is an effective approach to help people not to be manipulated by public news discourses. According to CDA, news agencies are in the service of certain power and ideologies rather than follow the impartial and objective principle as they boast. This point in particular is worth special attention. So great emphasis should be laid on uncover the power and ideologies concealed in this non-fiction discourse.The current study aims at conducting a critical analysis of20reports selected from two mainstream news media China Daily and The Washington Post about the Crimea Crisis under the theoretical foundation of CDA. The thesis attempts to answer the following questions:(1) What are the features of lexical classifications of Russia and the use of transitivity in the news reports adopted from China Daily and The Washington Post?(2) What are the features of news sources, the reporting modes and the use of modal auxiliary verbs in the two newspaper?(3) Are the news reports in China Daily and The Washington Post on Crimea Crisis between Russia and Ukraine objective and neutral? If not, what kind of ideologies and intentions are carried by the news discourse?Based on Fairclough’s three-dimensional model and Halliday’s systemic-functional grammar, a comparative study is conducted on ten news reports from China Daily and The Washington Post respectively about the Crimea Crisis. Analysis is made at three levels:a) the descriptive level, at which the differences of linguistic features and ideational meanings of news discourses from the two newspapers are explored through transitivity, lexical choices and modality; b) the interpretive level, at which the differences of intertextuality and interpersonal implications of news discourses from the two newspapers are investigated by virtue of news sources and reporting modes; c) the explanatory level, at which the differences of social environment and textual functions of news discourses from the two newspapers are discussed by the examination of social, cultural and political contexts between China and America, and the power and ideologies hidden in the news discourse are unveiled at last.The findings of the thesis mainly include two aspects:First, the two newspapers share some common linguistic features, but the disparities are more evident. As to lexical choices of words referring to Russia and transitivity, China Daily emphasizes Putin’s defensive nature and regards him as a normal president; The Washington Post stresses the aggressive nature of Putin and describes him as a hegemonist like Hitler. The use of transitivity shows that to some extent China Daily is more objective than The Washington Post, but China Daily is not absolutely objective at the same time. As to news sources and reporting modes, it is obvious that China Daily quotes various news sources including authorities’words of China, Russia, America and Ukraine and presents them by direct speech. The Washington Post quotes more national words and words of American interest groups including the European Union’s words and Ukraine’s words which are mostly quoted by direct speech. However, The Washington Post adopts indirect speech to report the Russian’s violence. When it comes to modality, a great difference exists in using modal auxiliary verbs by Chinese and American news agencies. Median value modal auxiliary verbs in China Daily express China’s moderate attitude, but high value modal auxiliary verbs in The Washington Post convey America’s commanding tone. The reason why linguistic features in the two newspapers are different is that China and America have different value orientation and political stances. Second, both China Daily and The Washington Post carry views and attitudes which reflect their own country’s ideologies. Neither of the two newspapers are totally factual and impartial due to the influences of their own national interests and ideological background.Significance of the thesis mainly falls into two aspects:Theoretically, it once again proves the applicability of Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework and Halliday’s systemic-functional grammar in analyzing news discourse, and reveals the injustice of news discourse. Practically, it activates people’s ability to appreciate news and helps them acquire real information from news reports by exploring news discourses from CDA perspective. Moreover, with the irreversible intercultural communication, Foreign news discourse is a window for Chinese teachers and students to know the colorful world abroad. Critical investigations in news discourse are helpful for Chinese teachers and students to enhance the foreign language teaching and learning.更多还原