【作者】 李敏；

【导师】 陈咏梅；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 国际经济法（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 本案所涉措施为美国于2009年通过的《联邦食品、药品和化妆品法》中的第907条第（a）（1）（A）节，即禁止丁香及水果味香烟进口，以期减少年轻人吸烟，但却不禁止国内生产的薄荷味香烟。印尼是世界上主要的丁香烟生产国，禁令实施前，美国的丁香烟大多从印尼进口。因此，印尼认为其生产的丁香烟与美国国内的薄荷味香烟属于相似产品，而美国措施只禁止前者，违反了TBT协定中的非歧视性原则。全文一共分为五部分，分述如下。第一部分，案件的基本情况。包括案情简介、争端发展始末和争议焦点。第二部分，美国措施是否属于技术法规。本部分从技术法规的三个要素进行分析，即：技术法规对涵盖产品的确认、技术法规对产品特性的规定、技术法规的强制性效力。第三部分，美国措施与TBT第2.1条的相符性。本部分可分为两大模块：第一大模块为认定进口产品与国内产品是否为相似产品。首先，论述了TBT中“相似产品”的界定标准；其次，从产品的最终用途和消费者的偏好两方面分析涉案措施是否属于相似产品。第二大模块为进口产品是否受到歧视性待遇的认定。首先，对TBT中“非歧视性待遇”进行了界定，其次，从产品对比范围的确定、产品待遇对比的时间限制和进口产品遭受的不利影响三个方面对涉案进口产品是否受到歧视性待遇进行了分析。第四部分，美国措施与TBT第2.12条的相符性。首先，本文分析了《关于实施有关的问题和关注的决定》是否构成对TBT第2.12条的权威性解释；其次分析了本案中美国措施是否给予进口生产商合理的调整时间。通过分析举证责任的分配问题，论证了本案中美国未给予印尼进口商合理的调整时间。第五部分，本案对中国的启示。中国从印尼和美国在本案的做法中应该获取一些启示，文章对中国政府和企业在应对技术贸易壁垒时应采取的措施提出了建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dispute concerns a tobacco-control measure adopted by the United States in2009, inSection907(a)(1)(A) of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, that prohibitscharacterizing flavors cigarettes to control young people to smoke, without prohibits mentholcigarettes produced by the United States. Before the prohibition, clove cigarettes are mainlyproduced and imported from Indonesia. According to Indonesia, clove cigarettes produced byIndonesia and menthol cigarettes produced by the United States are like products, thetobacco-control measure gives imported clove cigarettes from Indonesia less favorabletreatment than domestic menthol cigarettes, according to Article2.1of the TBT Agreement.This thesis can be divided into five parts:The first part: introduce the case, describe the development process and list the threemain disputes of the case.The second part: analyze whether tobacco-control measure can be defined as technicalregulation, to be specific, analyze whether tobacco-control measure applies to an “identifiableproduct or group of products”, lays down one or more “product characteristics”, and whethercompliance with the product characteristics is mandatory.The third part: analyze whether the tobacco-control measure complies with Article2.1ofthe TBT Agreement. Firstly, identify whether clove cigarettes produced by Indonesia andmenthol cigarettes produced by the United States are like products by discussing the standardof “like product”, end-uses and consumer tasted and habits. Secondly, identify whether thetobacco-control measure gives imported clove cigarettes from Indonesia less favorabletreatment than domestic menthol cigarettes by discussing the definition of “treatment no lessfavorable”, product scope of the treatment no less favorable, and temporal scope of thetreatment no less favorable.The fourth part: analyze whether the tobacco-control measure complies with Article2.12of the TBT Agreement. firstly, discuss whether Doha Ministerial Decision could beconsidered as reasonable interpretation to Article2.12of the TBT Agreement accorded to9.2 of WTO Agreement and3.13of Vienna Convention. Secondly, discuss whether the UnitedStated have given reasonable interval to Indonesia producer to adjust by demonstrating thatthe United States should bear the burden of proof.The fifth part: analyze the response measures Chinese should adopt by learning this case.更多还原