【作者】 张婷；

【导师】 吴春燕；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 民商法学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 《侵权责任法》第86条首次单独规定了建筑物倒塌侵权责任，这对于解决近年来我国屡屡发生的建筑物倒塌致人损害问题有很大的帮助。但第86条的规定却模糊而又粗糙，在归责原则方面引发了很大的争议，在责任主体、责任承担、抗辩事由等方面也很不完善，有待研究。本文共分为五个部分：第一部分，问题的提出。在界定建筑物倒塌侵权责任的内涵后，指出我国建筑物倒塌侵权责任制度存在的问题，为后面的论述做铺垫。第二部分，建筑物倒塌侵权的责任主体与归责原则。在责任主体部分，笔者认为，责任主体除了建设单位和施工单位外，还包括第2款中的其他责任人，此处的其他责任人应为所有人、管理人或者使用人，即保有人。此外，笔者还分别对这这些主体进行界定并阐释了其作为责任主体的原因。在归责原则部分，笔者认为我国建筑物倒塌侵权责任的归责原则应采结合责任：建设单位和施工单位采无过错责任原则，所有人、管理人、使用人采过错推定责任原则。第三部分，建筑物倒塌侵权的责任承担。此部分主要介绍了两方面的内容：一是，建造人的责任承担，包括建设单位与施工单位的连带责任及追偿权。在连带责任部分，笔者阐述了由建设单位与施工单位承担连带责任的原因以及如何承担责任。在追偿权部分，笔者分别介绍了建设单位与施工单位的对内追偿权和对外追偿权。二是，保有人的责任承担。笔者认为应由有过错的所有人、管理人或者使用人承担责任，在所有人、管理人或者使用人同时存在的情况下，由使用人承担赔偿责任，但应赋予使用人对所有人或者管理人的追偿权。第四部分，建筑物倒塌侵权责任的抗辩事由。笔者认为建造人的抗辩事由有三：不可抗力、被侵权人过错、第三人过错；保有人的抗辩事由除前述三项外，还包括已尽防止损害发生的义务。第五部分，建筑物倒塌侵权责任的相关完善建议。笔者在借鉴其他国家和地区的立法规定并结合我国实际情况的基础上，针对我国的建筑物倒塌侵权责任提出了四点建议：明确规定倒塌原因；改进责任主体设置；完善责任承担形式；扩大责任客体适用范围。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Tort Law" Article86separately provides the tort liability of building collapsefor the first time,which brings a great help for solving the damage caused by collapseof the buildings occurred repeatedly in recent years in our country.However, Article86is blurred and rough:in terms of the principle of culpability,which triggered greatcontroversy;and in terms of responsible subject, responsibility bearing,defenses, it isalso far from perfect.So,this issue is worth studying.There are five sections in this article.Part I,submitting the issues.After definingthe connotation of building collapse tort liability, the author points out the problemsof the buildings collapse tort liability system in our country to pave the way for thelater discussion.Part II,responsible subject and the principle of culpability of buildingcollapse tort.For responsible subject,my point is that in addition to the developmentunits and construction units,responsible subject also includes other responsible personof paragraph2,which should be the owner, manager or user,namely holder.Inaddition,the author define these responsible subject and also explain the reasons whythey are responsible subject.In the part of the principle of culpability, the authorpresents her own view that the the principle of culpability of the building collapse tortliability should adopt combined responsibility:for the development units andconstruction units,it should employ principle of non-fault liability;for the owner,manager or user, it should adopt the principle of presumption of fault liability.PartIII,responsibility bearing of the building collapse tort.This part describes two sectionsof content:first,responsibility bearing of builder, including the joint and severalliability and right of recourse of development units and construction units.In thesection of joint and several liability, the author describes the reasons why thedevelopment unit and construction unit should be borne of joint and several liabilityand how to take responsibility.In the section of recourse,the author describes theinternal recourse between development units and construction units and externalrecourse.Second, responsibility bearing of the holder.In my opinion, the owner,manager or user who has fault should assume as responsible subject. In the case ofowners, managers and user exist simultaneously,the user should bear the liability fordamages.But the user should be given the recourse to the owner or manager.Part IV,defenses of the building collapse tort liability.n my opinion,the builder has three defenses:force majeure,the infringee’s fault,the third person’s fault;beyond theaforementioned three ones, the holder’s defenses should also include having done theobligation to prevent the damage occurred.Part V,the improvement proposals relatedto the building collapse tort liability.Basis of the legislation experience of othercountries and regions,In combination with the practical situation of our country,theauthor puts forward a four-point proposal for the system of our country’s the buildingcollapse tort liability:clearly define reasons for the collapse,improve responsiblesubject for setting,improve the form of accountability,expand the scope ofresponsibility’s object.更多还原