【作者】 张超；

【导师】 高金吉； 王维民；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 化工过程机械， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 扭转振动是旋转机械轴系的一种基本振动形式,通过对轴系的扭转振动情况进行监测,可以有效减少因扭振故障造成的严重事故。扭转振动的破坏性源于交变载荷引起的疲劳积累,这种经过积累的疲劳破坏具有突发性,可能造成严重的事故。同时,旋转机械的规模和转速在不断增大,轴系结构更急复杂,这对机械的稳定性提出了更高的要求。但目前的旋转机械扭振的测量方法并不成熟,尤其是在国内扭振测量设备远远不能满足监测要求,结构复杂,操作繁琐,抗噪能力差,这些都制约了扭振测试技术用于工业旋转机械的监测,因此开发适用于现场监测的扭振测量技术是工业应用的迫切需求。本文采用基于瞬时角速度波动的扭振故障快速识别方法,利用0ROS提供的高采样频率,结合虚拟仪器设备开发的软件监测平台,不仅简化了监测仪器的结构,扩展了分析功能,克服了噪声环境的影响,同时在数据处理,图像分析方面充分利用计算机的强大运算能力,实现了对扭转振动信号的实时采集、分析和数据存储的功能,检测系统同时具有非常好的功能扩展性,为将来进一步在工业环境中开展轴系扭转振动的实时监测,分析报警,故障分析等功能提供了理论基础和实践平台。在课题研究过程中,主要开展了以下几方面的工作：1)对扭转振动检测方法和检测设备的发展和研究现状进行了分析,总结了现有检测方法和检测设备的优缺点,提出了基于瞬时角速度波动的扭振快速识别方法,确定了采用图形化编程语言LabVIEW进行软件平台搭建的方法；2)对扭转振动产生的原因和故障机理进行了分析,介绍了扭转振动特性的理论计算方法,采用Ansys软件对发生扭振的轴进行了模态仿真分析；3)扭振检测系统的设计和搭建。依据瞬时转速波动的扭振检测原理,利用0ROS提供的高采样频率,结合高频信号采集和信号分析方法,根据检测需求完成功能模块的结构设计,应用虚拟仪器技术实现了软件平台的搭建,实现了各模块的相应功能,并提供了友好的用户界面；4)扭振检测系统的实验验证。搭建扭转振动故障检测实验台,以带有齿轮盘的传动轴为检测对象,对转轴的扭振固有频率进行了测量,并将测量值与模拟结果进行了对比分析,通过转速变化模拟扭转振动,验证了检测系统的可靠性。实验结果证明了扭振监测系统能够有效地检测旋转机械的扭转振动情况,能够及时的发现旋转机械的扭振故障,并进行报警。整个监测系统易于操作,方便扩展,检测结果可靠性较高,为进一步搭建扭转振动在线监测平台提供了实践基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Torsional vibration is a basic mode of rotating machinery shafting. Torsional vibration monitoring of unit shaft system, can effectively reduce the serious accident caused by torsional vibration fault. The destructiveness of torsional vibration is the result of the accumulation of fatigue caused by alternating load, this damage is sudden after the accumulation of fatigue, may cause serious accidents. At the same time, the scale and speed of rotating machinery is increasing, and the shafting structure is more complex, what puts forward the higher request to the stability of the machine. But the current measurement method for torsional vibration of rotating machines is not mature, especially in the domestic torsional vibration measurement equipment is far to meet the requirement of the monitor. The structure is complex, the operation is complicated and the antinoise ability is poor, what are restricted the torsional vibration testing technology for industrial monitoring of rotating machinery. So the development of suitable for on-site monitoring of torsional vibration measurement technology is the urgent demand of industrial application.In this paper, the method of the torsional vibration fault fast identification is based on the fluctuations of instantaneous angular velocity. The method with high sampling frequency from OROS, combined with virtual instrument software developed by monitoring platform, not only simplifies the structure of the monitoring instrument, but also expanded the analysis function, and overcome the influence of the noise environment. At the same time, the method make full use of the powerful operation ability of computer in data processing and image analysis aspect. It realizes the real-time collection and analysis of the torsional vibration signal and data storage function. The system also has the very good extensibility of function, further in the future in the industrial environment to carry out the shafting torsional vibration of the real-time monitoring, alarm analysis, failure analysis, and other functions to provide the theoretical basis and practice platform.In the process of the research, the main contents arranged as follows:Firstly, Make a research on torsional vibration test methods and test equipment development, and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of existing testing methods and testing equipment. Put forward the method of the torsional vibration fault fast identification is based on the fluctuations of instantaneous angular velocity. Make a decision to use Lab VIEW what is a graphical programming language for building method.Secondly, make an analysis on the cause of torsional vibration and failure mechanism, and introduce the theories of the torsional vibration characteristics calculation method. And the Ansys is used for shaft torsional vibration modal simulation analysis. Thirdly, torsional vibration test system design and implementation. According to the torsional vibration detection principle of instantaneous rotation speed fluctuation, high sampling frequency from OROS, combined with the high frequency signal acquisition and signal analysis method, according to the testing requirements to complete the structure of the function module design, application virtual instrument technology to achieve the setting up of the software platform, implement the corresponding function of each module, and provides a friendly user interface。Fourthly, torsional vibration test system for experimental verification. Structures, torsional vibration fault detection test bench, the shaft with gear plate as testing object, the shaft torsional vibration natural frequency were measured, and the measured values and compares the simulation results analysis, through the simulation of torsional vibration speed change, verify the reliability of the detection system.Experimental results prove that the torsional vibration monitoring system can effectively detect the torsional vibration of rotating machinery, can be found that the torsional vibration of rotating machinery fault in time, and report to the police. The whole monitoring system easy to operate, convenient to expand, detection has higher reliability, in order to further build torsional vibration on-line monitoring platform provides a practical basis.更多还原